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Questions and Answers
What is the general formula for alkenes?
What is the general formula for alkenes?
Which of the following hydrocarbons is an example of an alkane?
Which of the following hydrocarbons is an example of an alkane?
What happens to the boiling point of hydrocarbons in a homologous series?
What happens to the boiling point of hydrocarbons in a homologous series?
What is the general property of hydrocarbons in terms of solubility in water?
What is the general property of hydrocarbons in terms of solubility in water?
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What is the result of a combustion reaction involving hydrocarbons?
What is the result of a combustion reaction involving hydrocarbons?
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What is the process of high-temperature decomposition of large hydrocarbons into smaller ones?
What is the process of high-temperature decomposition of large hydrocarbons into smaller ones?
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Study Notes
Definition and Classification
- Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting only of hydrogen (H) and carbon (C) atoms.
- Classified into two main categories:
- Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes)
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes)
Saturated Hydrocarbons (Alkanes)
- General formula: CnH2n+2
- Properties:
- Insoluble in water
- Less dense than water
- Boiling point increases with molecular weight
- Examples:
- Methane (CH4)
- Ethane (C2H6)
- Propane (C3H8)
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons (Alkenes and Alkynes)
- Alkenes (olefins): contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds
- General formula: CnH2n
- Properties:
- More reactive than alkanes
- Can exhibit geometric isomerism
- Examples:
- Ethene (C2H4)
- Propene (C3H6)
- Alkynes: contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds
- General formula: CnH2n-2
- Properties:
- Highly reactive
- Can exhibit polymerization
- Examples:
- Ethyne (C2H2)
- Propyne (C3H4)
Physical Properties
- Boiling point:
- Increases with molecular weight in homologous series
- Branching reduces boiling point
- Solubility:
- Insoluble in water
- Soluble in non-polar solvents (e.g., hexane)
- Density:
- Generally less dense than water
Chemical Reactions
- Combustion reaction: hydrocarbons react with oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O
- Substitution reaction: hydrocarbons react with halogens to produce haloalkanes
- Cracking: high-temperature decomposition of large hydrocarbons into smaller ones
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Description
Test your knowledge of hydrocarbons, including their definition, classification, physical properties, and chemical reactions. Learn about saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, their properties, and examples. Assess your understanding of combustion, substitution, and cracking reactions.
