50 Questions
What is the main component of the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage?
Type II collagen fibers
Why is cartilage limited in thickness?
Due to nourishment by diffusion
Which type of cartilage contains abundant elastic fibers in its extracellular matrix?
Elastic cartilage
In postnatal life, where is cartilage less abundant but still essential?
On the articular surfaces of the long bones
What is the main function of the capsule mentioned in the text?
To protect the chondrocytes from tension and compression movements
Where is fibrocartilage mainly found?
In intervertebral discs and linking muscles in the dog heart
What is the most significant characteristic of elastic cartilage?
It has a dense network of elastic fibers
How is the nutrition of the cartilage carried out?
By diffusion through the capillaries of the perichondrium
Which type of growth involves the differentiation of the perichondrium into chondroblasts?
Appositional growth
What are the main constituents of the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage?
Type II collagen and proteoglycans
Where are chondrocytes found in mature hyaline cartilage?
Lacunae
What do proteoglycan complexes provide in the cartilaginous matrix?
Hydration
What is the composition of the fibrous layer of the perichondrium?
Type I collagen fibers and fibroblasts
What is the main source of origin for hyaline cartilage?
Mesoderm
What is the main staining characteristic of the cartilaginous matrix?
Basophilic
What is the function of the territorial matrix in hyaline cartilage?
Maintains tissue shape
What is the main role of chondrocytes in mature hyaline cartilage?
Secrete ground substance
What is the primary component of the chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium?
Chondrocytes
Where are chondrocytes located in hyaline cartilage?
Lacunae
What is the primary characteristic of chondrocytes in mature hyaline cartilage?
Small and round nucleus
Which type of cartilage has a dense network of elastic fibers and presents more and larger chondrocytes than hyaline cartilage?
Elastic cartilage
Where is fibrocartilage primarily found?
Intervertebral discs
How is the nutrition of the cartilage carried out?
By diffusion through the capillaries of the perichondrium
What is the most significant characteristic of fibrocartilage?
Presence of type I collagen mixed with areas of hyaline cartilage
What is the function of the capsule mentioned in the text?
Protective function for the chondrocytes
Which type of cartilage lacks a perichondrium?
Fibrocartilage
Where are chondrocytes arranged in rows?
Fibrocartilage
Which type of cartilage contains a dense network of elastic fibers?
Elastic cartilage
Where is fibrocartilage less frequent and mainly found?
Intervertebral discs
Which type of cartilage presents more and larger chondrocytes than hyaline cartilage?
Elastic cartilage
Which type of cartilage is found in areas where elasticity and a certain rigidity are needed, such as the ear and the larynx?
Elastic cartilage
Which type of cartilage is less frequent and is mainly found in the intervertebral discs and the heart of dogs?
Fibrocartilage
Which type of cartilage lacks a perichondrium and presents great resistance to traction and compression forces?
Fibrocartilage
Where is the nutrition of the cartilage carried out by diffusion through the capillaries of the perichondrium?
Hyaline cartilage
Which type of cartilage contains a dense network of elastic fibers and more and larger chondrocytes than hyaline cartilage?
Elastic cartilage
True or false: Elastic cartilage is found in areas where elasticity and rigidity are not needed, such as the inner ear and the larynx.
False
True or false: Fibrocartilage lacks a perichondrium.
True
True or false: Hyaline cartilage presents more and larger chondrocytes than elastic cartilage.
False
True or false: The nutrition of the cartilage is carried out by diffusion through the capillaries of the perichondrium.
True
True or false: Fibrocartilage presents great resistance to traction and compression forces.
True
Match the following types of cartilage with their characteristics:
Hyaline cartilage = More and larger chondrocytes, predominant type of cartilage in the body Elastic cartilage = Dense network of elastic fibers, found in areas requiring elasticity and rigidity Fibrocartilage = Presence of type I collagen, great resistance to traction and compression forces Perichondrium = Provides nutrition to cartilage through diffusion, lacks in fibrocartilage
Match the following characteristics with their corresponding type of cartilage:
Presence of type I collagen mixed with areas of hyaline cartilage = Fibrocartilage Found in areas where elasticity and rigidity are needed = Elastic cartilage Lacks a perichondrium = Fibrocartilage Provides diffusion-based nutrition to cartilage = Perichondrium
Match the following locations with the type of cartilage found in them:
Ear, inner ear, larynx = Elastic cartilage Intervertebral discs, heart of dogs = Fibrocartilage Areas requiring elasticity and rigidity = Elastic cartilage Mainly found in the body = Hyaline cartilage
Match the following components with the type of cartilage they are associated with:
Dense network of elastic fibers = Elastic cartilage More and larger chondrocytes = Hyaline cartilage Presence of type I collagen = Fibrocartilage Provides diffusion-based nutrition = Perichondrium
Match the following characteristics with the type of cartilage they represent:
Great resistance to traction and compression forces = Fibrocartilage Predominant type of cartilage in the body = Hyaline cartilage Found in areas requiring elasticity and rigidity = Elastic cartilage Lacks a perichondrium = Fibrocartilage
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Areas where elasticity and a certain rigidity are needed, such as the ear, the inner ear and the epiglottic, cuneiform and corniculate cartilages of the larynx
FIBROCARTILAGE
Less frequent and found mainly in the intervertebral discs. Also found in the muscles that make up the atria and ventricles of the dog heart
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
More and larger chondrocytes and less abundant matrix than hyaline cartilage
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Dense network of elastic fibers
FIBROCARTILAGE
Muscles that make up the atria and ventricles of the dog heart are linked by
Study Notes
Hyaline Cartilage Structure and Growth
- Hyaline cartilage is found in adult articular surfaces of bones, trachea, bronchi, ribs, bones of the nose, and the embryo's skeleton.
- It originates from mesenchymal connective tissue and forms from clusters of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.
- Cartilage growth occurs through interstitial growth, where chondrocytes divide and secrete new ground substance and collagen fibers, and appositional growth, where the perichondrium differentiates into chondroblasts.
- The perichondrium has two layers: the chondrogenic layer, composed of chondroblasts, and the fibrous layer, made up of type I collagen fibers and fibroblasts.
- Hyaline cartilage is externally surrounded by the perichondrium.
- Chondrocytes in mature hyaline cartilage vary in size and are found in lacunae called chondroplasts, which may contain 1, 2, 4, or 6 chondrocytes.
- The main constituents of the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage are type II collagen and proteoglycans, which provide tissue shape and resist tensile and compressive forces.
- Different patterns of collagen distribution in the cartilaginous matrix suggest fiber orientation to resist stress.
- Proteoglycan complexes occupy the interstices of the collagen fibril network and provide a hydrated viscous gel that absorbs compressive forces.
- The cartilaginous matrix is basophilic, PAS+, and metachromatic, and includes territorial and interterritorial matrices.
- Chondrocytes have a spherical nucleus with one or more nucleoli and an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex.
- Active chondrocytes fill lacunae, while old chondrocytes accumulate glycogen and lipids and appear vacuolized in slides.
Test your knowledge of hyaline cartilage structure and growth with this quiz. Explore the key components of hyaline cartilage, its growth processes, and the characteristics of chondrocytes.
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