حياة النبي محمد (ص) في الطفولة والبعثة

Early Life of Prophet Muhammad (ص)

• Born on Monday, 12th of Rabi' al-Awwal, Year of the Elephant.
• Born in the house of his uncle Abu Talib, in the Banu Hashim clan.
• Lost his mother at the age of 6, during a journey to his maternal relatives, buried in Abwa.
• Raised by his grandfather Abdul-Muttalib, until his death.
• Raised by his uncle Abu Talib after his grandfather's death.
• Worked as a shepherd, assisting his uncle.
• Participated in the Hulf al-Fudul, an agreement to counteract injustice.
• Married Khadijah bint Khuwailid.
• Participated in rebuilding the Kaaba, at the age of 25.
• The Kaaba was damaged by fire and flood, and was rebuilt with the involvement of leaders.

Revelation

• At the age of 40, frequently secluded in the Cave of Hira.
• First revelation on Monday during the month of Ramadan.
• The Angel Gabriel revealed the first verses of Surah Al-Alaq ("Read in the name of your Lord who created…").

Beginning of the Call

• Prophet Muhammad (ص) began calling people to Islam.
• Khadijah, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Zaid ibn Haritha, some of the Prophet’s daughters, and Abu Bakr were among the first to believe.
• The message of Islam was expanded, in accordance with Quran verses (such as "Warn your nearest relatives").
• Public call to faith, emphasizing accountability and divine judgment (fire and salvation).

Economic and Social Boycott (7th year of Prophethood)

• Increased persecution from Quraysh.
• Economic and social boycott imposed on the Prophet (ص) and his followers and extended family and supporters.
• Ban on trade, social interaction, and entry into their homes was decreed and formalized.
• The ban lasted for three years.
• The Quraysh's extreme actions, eventually led to the boycotts being broken.

First Migration

• Faced intensified persecution and hardship (hardships of imprisonment, flogging, exile etc)
• Emigrated to Abyssinia due to growing unrest, seeking protection from persecution.
• The first emigration occurred in Rajab of the 5th year.
• Migration was difficult due to the risk and challenges associated with travelling.

Second Migration to Abyssinia

• Faced increased persecution.
• Further migration to Abyssinia occurred, with a larger group—including around 82 men, 11 women, and their children.

Quraysh delegation to Abyssinia and its failure

• A delegation was sent to Abyssinia by Quraysh to bring back the emigrants to Makkah.
• However, the delegation failed in their mission after a dialogue.

Journey to Taif (10th year of Prophethood)

• Traveled to Taif to seek support from the tribe of Thaqif, but was met with rejection.
• Stayed for ten days during the month of Dhul-Hijjah.
• The aim of this journey was to find support for the cause.

First Pledge of Aqabah

• The Prophet’s (ص) call attracted attention from the tribes of Aws and Khazraj in the Hajj season.
• A delegation from the two tribes of Aws and Khazraj came and listened to the Prophet’s message.
• In the following year, they returned with a larger group (73 men from Khazraj, 2 women from Khazraj and Aws).
• Mutual pledge of support was agreed, and the Prophet sent his companion Mus'ab ibn Umair to the city.

Second Pledge of Aqabah.

• A larger delegation of 72 men and 2 women, from the tribes of Aws and Khazraj, met the Prophet.
• A formal pledge of allegiance and mutual support called the Second Pledge of Aqabah was formalized.

Migration to Medina

• Increased persecution by the Quraysh
• Embarkation for Medina.
• The Prophet’s (ص) companions emigrated to Medina, leading to significant unrest in Makkah and war.
• His uncle Abu Bakr, Ali and a few others stayed behind, awaiting the opportune moment to join the migration.

Medina State-building

• Establishment of the community in Medina on a new foundation.
• Building the Masjid, establishing bonds through brotherhood, formulating a social contract, organizing a military force and settling disputes.

Document (Constitution)

• Defining the community (Muslims, Jews, and non-believers) and establishing a constitution for the administration.
• Guiding principles of justice, equality, mutual respect, and tolerance were developed, and enforced within the new community.

Key People and Events

• Khadijah: First wife, early believer.
• Ali ibn Abi Talib: Cousin, early believer and later a prominent companion.
• Abu Bakr: Close companion, second Caliph, played a significant role in guiding Prophet to Medina.
• Mus'ab ibn Umair: Early companion and missionary of Islam.
• The Pledge of Aqabah: Pledges of support provided to Prophet from tribes in Medina.
• The Migration (Hijra): The Prophet’s journey to Medina.
• The Constitution (Sahifah): Early charter in Medina.