Hunter-Gatherer Fitness in Modern Times

<p>It measured the prevalence of cardiac troponin increases among marathon runners in the Perth Marathon. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A combination of aerobic training and resistance training. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerobic exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incorporating cross-training activities such as swimming or cycling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac troponin levels were significantly higher in marathon runners compared to non-runners. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The expression of certain genes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>350 generations ago (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advanced technology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hunter-gatherer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hunter-gatherer physical activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical disability and disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.4 million years ago (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hunter-gatherer lifestyle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 to 3 times a week for 20 to 30 minutes each (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outdoors in the natural world (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It improved adherence and mood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 to 16 km (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>800 to 1200 kcal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hard days followed by easier days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Very old and very young individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unprocessed, naturally low-calorie whole foods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrying logs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tool construction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrying groceries and luggage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interval training (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weeding a garden (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modern activities are less physically demanding compared to hunter-gatherer activities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrying logs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of physical activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More opportunity for sunlight exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amount of physical activity performed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The effects of a Paleolithic diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces mortality rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolic and physiological enhancements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher fitness levels are correlated with lower mortality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first fitness formula based on evolutionary principles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Younger individuals have the highest risk of mortality with low physical activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confers cardiovascular protection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Female subsistence strategies among Ache hunter-gatherers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modern sedentary lifestyles lead to chronic disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to natural light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The significance of aerobic fitness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of different training modalities to enhance performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduces mortality risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased physical activity decreases with age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The health benefits of exercise that protect the heart and blood vessels.

Physical activity performed outside may offer more advantages than indoor workouts.

The process of producing vitamin D in the skin through sunlight exposure.

Studies that follow participants over time to assess the effects of interventions like exercise.

Information collected by observing subjects without intervention.

Higher fitness levels are linked to lower long-term mortality rates.

A test to measure peak exercise capacity and overall fitness level.

The amount of physical movement performed each day.

Evaluation of physical condition, often using exercise tests.

The ongoing impact of regular physical activity on overall health.

Exercise should be performed 2-3 times a week for 20-30 minutes.

The number of calories burned during physical activities.

Incorporating unprocessed, low-calorie, whole foods to balance energy.

Physical tasks performed by ancient humans to survive, such as hunting and gathering.

Contemporary physical tasks that resemble hunter-gatherer activities.

Exercising with others enhances adherence and boosts mood.

A high-calorie activity from hunter-gatherer times that translates to carrying groceries today.

Most individuals were active throughout their lives, often walking.

Hunter-gatherers typically covered 6 to 16 km daily.

An active pursuit in ancient diets, comparable to modern interval training.

A widespread occurrence of obesity largely due to energy intake exceeding expenditure.

Average hunter-gatherers expended 800-1200 kcal/day.

Hard workout days were followed by easier days to recover.

A comparative list showing calories spent on hunter-gatherer versus modern activities.

The balance between calories consumed (intake) and calories burned (expenditure).

Most exercise was done outside in nature, promoting wellness.

A diet based on the presumed eating habits of hunter-gatherers, emphasizing whole foods and excluding processed items.

Health issues related to the heart and blood vessels, often influenced by diet and lifestyle.

Positive effects on brain function derived from interacting with natural environments.

Walking outside is essential for maintaining mobility and overall health.

The relationship between physical exercise, energy consumption, and overall performance in activities.

The allocation of different tasks to males and females, influenced by energy needs and evolutionary factors.

Long-term health conditions typically arising from lifestyle choices, not from acute causes.

A training approach that involves using various exercise techniques to improve overall performance.

The process by which information from a gene is used to create a functional gene product, often influenced by daily exercise.

A measure of the heart and lungs' ability to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity, closely linked to daily energy expenditure.

The way of life of early humans who survived by hunting and gathering, requiring high daily physical activity.

The strong relationship between regular physical activity and long-term health and survival.

The concept that human exercise capability has remained consistent since the dawn of Homo, driving the need for daily activity.

The effect that contemporary life has on reducing the physical activity necessary for health, as compared to hunter-gatherer lifestyles.

Using the physical activity patterns of hunter-gatherers as a model to guide modern fitness recommendations.

Physical exercise focused on weakening muscles to improve strength and endurance.

Exercise that improves oxygen consumption by the body, enhancing cardiovascular health.

A cluster of conditions increasing heart disease, stroke, and diabetes risk.

Management of blood sugar levels in individuals, especially those with diabetes.

A protein released into the blood when the heart muscle is damaged.

Guidelines on the number of steps one should take daily for health benefits.

An increase in blood pressure during or after exercise, common in athletes.

Strategies and effects of sustaining weight loss over a two-year period.