Questions and Answers
What were the primary activities of Hunter-Gatherer societies?
Foraging, fishing, hunting, and scavenging for fruits, nuts, and meat products
What made the survival of Hunter-Gatherer societies possible?
Access to fire and stone tools
What did early human hunter-gatherer societies demonstrate?
Impressive social ingenuity and adaptation
What was the primary means of sustenance for human ancestor species members before the development of hunter-gatherer societies?
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How did the difficulties of surviving through hunting and gathering impact hunter-gatherer societies?
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What evidence suggests that Homo erectus did not have cultural or social systems?
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What contributed to the replacement of Homo erectus by Homo sapiens?
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What archaeological find demonstrates the artistic abilities of early humans?
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What led to the advancement of diets and clothing of Homo sapiens?
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What suggests a cultural and social understanding of death in early human societies?
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Study Notes
- Pre-Human Hunter-Gatherer Societies:
- Homo erectus, an upright-walking ancestor of Homo sapiens, existed around 1 million years ago.
- Homo erectus utilized fire and hunted, gathering vegetables, fruits, nuts, and even bugs for food.
- Fossil evidence shows that Homo erectus traveled and lived on multiple continents.
- Homo erectus did not have cultural or social systems, as evidenced by the lack of formal burial sites.
- Early Human Hunter-Gatherer Societies:
- Homo sapiens emerged approximately 200,000 years ago, replacing Homo erectus due to superior intelligence.
- Homo sapiens effectively used fire and stone tools, and traveled in small groups to maintain access to food.
- Early humans created art, demonstrated through archaeological finds like a 70,000-year-old geometric design.
- Early humans buried their dead with items, suggesting a cultural and social understanding of death.
- Early humans began to form unique cultural traditions through trade and the development of more complex tools.
- The process of making stone tools became more complex, leading to the creation of hand axes, fish hooks, and needles.
- These tools significantly advanced the diets and clothing of Homo sapiens.
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