23 Questions
What type of cells are attributed to the rapid antibody response and higher levels than primary response?
Memory cells
During the secondary response, which antibody will be in higher concentration?
IgG
What is the lag period in the primary response before antibodies are detected?
7-10 days
What is the lag period in the secondary response before antibodies are detected?
3-5 days
What antibody type is produced in the primary response?
IgM
What is the amount of antibody produced in the primary response?
Relatively small
What is the duration of the antibody response in the secondary response?
Long
What is opsonization?
When antibodies make microorganisms more easily ingested by phagocytic cells
What is the primary function of antibodies?
Protect against infectious agents or their products
What are the processes done for the evaluation of humoral immunity?
Measuring amounts of IgG, IgM, and IgA
What antibodies can be made by the fetus if an infection occurs?
IgG
What type of immunity is humoral immunity?
Antibody-mediated immunity
In the context of protection against pathogens, what does humoral immunity primarily protect against?
Extracellular pathogens
Against what specific exotoxins does humoral immunity provide protection?
Tetanus and diphtheria toxins
Which type of virulence is directly targeted by humoral immunity?
Pneumococcal polysaccharide capsules
What is the primary immune response?
The response when an antigen enters the body for the first time
About how many days is the lag period before antibodies are detectable in the serum after initial exposure to an infection?
7-10 days
Which antibody is the first to be produced when exposed to infection for the first time, and what antibody follows it?
IgM; followed by IgG or IgA
Which antibody declines earlier than IgG in the immune response?
IgM
What happens to the serum antibody concentration after it continues to rise for several weeks?
It plateaus and remains at a steady level
What is the secondary response in the context of immune reactions?
A second encounter with a familiar antigen or closely related one
What characterizes the antibody response in the secondary immune response compared to the primary response?
It is faster and at higher levels than the primary response
What is the primary immune response?
The first reaction of B cells to a new pathogen
Study Notes
Antibody Response
- Memory B cells are attributed to the rapid antibody response and higher levels than primary response.
Secondary Response
- IgG antibody is in higher concentration during the secondary response.
Lag Period
- The lag period in the primary response before antibodies are detected is around 7-10 days.
- The lag period in the secondary response before antibodies are detected is minimal or absent.
Primary Response
- IgM antibody is produced in the primary response.
- The amount of antibody produced in the primary response is limited.
- The duration of the antibody response in the secondary response is longer than in the primary response.
Antibody Function
- Opsonization is the process by which antibodies mark pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells.
- The primary function of antibodies is to bind to specific pathogens and mark them for destruction.
Humoral Immunity
- Humoral immunity is a type of immunity that involves the production of antibodies to protect against pathogens.
- Humoral immunity primarily protects against extracellular pathogens.
- Humoral immunity provides protection against specific exotoxins.
- Humoral immunity directly targets toxin-mediated virulence.
Evaluation of Humoral Immunity
- The processes done for the evaluation of humoral immunity include antibody detection and measurement.
Fetal Immunity
- The fetus can produce IgM antibodies if an infection occurs.
Primary and Secondary Response
- The primary immune response is the initial response to an infection, which is slower and less intense.
- The secondary response is the rapid and more intense response to a subsequent infection.
- The antibody response in the secondary immune response is characterized by a faster and more intense response compared to the primary response.
- IgM is the first antibody to be produced when exposed to infection for the first time, followed by IgG.
- IgM declines earlier than IgG in the immune response.
- After rising for several weeks, the serum antibody concentration eventually declines to a steady-state level.
Test your knowledge about humoral immunity with this quiz. Questions cover topics such as the role of humoral immunity in protection against different pathogens and its specific targets like exotoxins and viral infections.
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