23 Questions
During the secondary response, which antibody will be in higher concentration?
IgG
What is the duration of the antibody response in the primary response?
Short
What is the primary function of antibodies?
Protect against infectious agents or their products
What are the two main functions of antibodies?
Neutralize toxins and viruses; Opsonize microorganisms
What is the process by which antibodies make microorganisms more easily ingested by phagocytic cells?
Opsonization
What is the primary antibody in the fetus due to its ability to cross the placenta?
IgG
After birth, does the concentration of IgG in the mother increase or decrease?
Decrease
What are the processes involved in the evaluation of humoral immunity?
Measuring amounts of IgG, IgM and IgA
How is the evaluation of humoral immunity tested?
Patient serum (blood)
Which tests are used for the evaluation of humoral immunity?
Nephelometry and Immuno-electrophoresis
What type of antibodies can be made by the fetus if an infection occurs?
Both IgG and IgM
What type of immunity is primarily targeted by humoral immunity?
Antibody-mediated immunity
Which type of immunity is more important for protection against intracellular pathogens?
Cell-mediated immunity
What specific diseases are targeted by humoral immunity due to exotoxin mediation?
Tetanus and diphtheria
Which virulence types are directly targeted by humoral immunity?
Pneumococci, meningococci, haemophilus influenzae
When does the primary immune response occur?
The first time an antigen enters the body
After a primary response, how long is the lag period for the antibodies to become detectable in the serum?
7-10 days
What is the first antibody to be presented when exposed to infection for the first time, followed by which antibody?
IgM; followed by IgG or IgA
Which antibody declines earlier than IgG?
IgM
For how long does the serum antibody concentration continue to rise before declining?
Several weeks
What is the secondary response?
A second encounter with the same antigen or closely related one months or years after the primary response
In the secondary response, what characterizes the antibody response compared to the primary response?
Rapid antibody response at higher levels than primary response
What is the role of humoral immunity in protection against pathogens?
Mainly against extracellular pathogens
Test your knowledge about humoral immunity, including its role in protection against pathogens and its specific targets such as exotoxins and viral infections.
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