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Questions and Answers
What is the recommended minimum SID for the AP projection—external rotation shoulder?
What is the recommended minimum SID for the AP projection—external rotation shoulder?
- 40 inches (correct)
- 30 cm
- 10 inches
- 24 inches
In which position should the patient be for the radiograph?
In which position should the patient be for the radiograph?
- Erect or supine (correct)
- Trendelenburg
- Lateral
- Prone
Where should the CR be directed for the AP projection—external rotation shoulder?
Where should the CR be directed for the AP projection—external rotation shoulder?
- At the acromion process
- 2 inches superior to coracoid process
- At the coracoid process
- 1 inch inferior to coracoid process (correct)
How should the arm be positioned for the AP projection—external rotation shoulder?
How should the arm be positioned for the AP projection—external rotation shoulder?
What is the purpose of suspending respiration during exposure?
What is the purpose of suspending respiration during exposure?
What anatomy is demonstrated in the AP projection—external rotation shoulder?
What anatomy is demonstrated in the AP projection—external rotation shoulder?
What is the essential image characteristic of the AP projection with the humerus in the lateral position?
What is the essential image characteristic of the AP projection with the humerus in the lateral position?
Where is the cassette positioned in the AP projection with the humerus in an oblique position?
Where is the cassette positioned in the AP projection with the humerus in an oblique position?
In which projection is it necessary to direct the primary beam caudally to project the head of the humerus?
In which projection is it necessary to direct the primary beam caudally to project the head of the humerus?
What is demonstrated using Stryker’s position?
What is demonstrated using Stryker’s position?
How is the patient positioned in a lateral oblique ‘Y’ projection?
How is the patient positioned in a lateral oblique ‘Y’ projection?
What is centered for an AP projection with humerus in a lateral position?
What is centered for an AP projection with humerus in a lateral position?
In which method does the patient lie supine on a trolley or X-ray table?
In which method does the patient lie supine on a trolley or X-ray table?
What angle is made between trunk and cassette in a lateral oblique ‘Y’ projection?
What angle is made between trunk and cassette in a lateral oblique ‘Y’ projection?
Where is Stryker’s position used to demonstrate deformity?
Where is Stryker’s position used to demonstrate deformity?
What angle is directed through center of axilla for Stryker's position?
What angle is directed through center of axilla for Stryker's position?
What is the recommended minimum SID for the AP projection—internal rotation shoulder?
What is the recommended minimum SID for the AP projection—internal rotation shoulder?
How should the patient be positioned for the AP projection—internal rotation shoulder?
How should the patient be positioned for the AP projection—internal rotation shoulder?
Where should the CR be directed for the AP projection—internal rotation shoulder?
Where should the CR be directed for the AP projection—internal rotation shoulder?
What anatomy is demonstrated in the AP projection—internal rotation shoulder?
What anatomy is demonstrated in the AP projection—internal rotation shoulder?
What is the purpose of suspending respiration during exposure?
What is the purpose of suspending respiration during exposure?
What condition can be diagnosed using the AP projection—internal rotation shoulder?
What condition can be diagnosed using the AP projection—internal rotation shoulder?
What is centered for an AP projection with humerus in a lateral position?
What is centered for an AP projection with humerus in a lateral position?
What angle is made between trunk and cassette in a lateral oblique 'Y' projection?
What angle is made between trunk and cassette in a lateral oblique 'Y' projection?
Where is Stryker’s position used to demonstrate deformity?
Where is Stryker’s position used to demonstrate deformity?
What is the main bone compartment that includes the clavicle bone?
What is the main bone compartment that includes the clavicle bone?
Which part of the scapula articulates with the acromion to form the acromioclavicular joint?
Which part of the scapula articulates with the acromion to form the acromioclavicular joint?
What is the main purpose of suspending respiration during exposure?
What is the main purpose of suspending respiration during exposure?
Where is the coracoid process located?
Where is the coracoid process located?
What part of the humerus bone articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity?
What part of the humerus bone articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity?
Where does the medial part of the clavicle bone articulate to form a joint?
Where does the medial part of the clavicle bone articulate to form a joint?
What is located at the superior anterior aspect of the scapula?
What is located at the superior anterior aspect of the scapula?
Which bone consists of greater tubercle and lesser tubercle?
Which bone consists of greater tubercle and lesser tubercle?
What does the sagittal plane divide the body into?
What does the sagittal plane divide the body into?
Which term describes movement toward the midline of the body or body part?
Which term describes movement toward the midline of the body or body part?
What is the anatomical position?
What is the anatomical position?
What term describes movement away from the midline of the body or body part?
What term describes movement away from the midline of the body or body part?
Which bone articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity?
Which bone articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity?
In the antero-posterior position for an X-ray of the elbow joint, where is the cassette positioned?
In the antero-posterior position for an X-ray of the elbow joint, where is the cassette positioned?
What is the essential image that should be demonstrated in an X-ray of the elbow joint?
What is the essential image that should be demonstrated in an X-ray of the elbow joint?
How is the patient positioned for a lateral projection of the elbow?
How is the patient positioned for a lateral projection of the elbow?
What angle should be directed through the joint space for an X-ray of the elbow joint?
What angle should be directed through the joint space for an X-ray of the elbow joint?
What is centered for an antero-posterior projection with humerus in a lateral position?
What is centered for an antero-posterior projection with humerus in a lateral position?
What is adjusted such that medial and lateral epicondyles are equidistant from the cassette in an antero-posterior position for an X-ray of the elbow joint?
What is adjusted such that medial and lateral epicondyles are equidistant from the cassette in an antero-posterior position for an X-ray of the elbow joint?
How should the elbow be flexed for a lateral projection of the elbow?
How should the elbow be flexed for a lateral projection of the elbow?
Where is Stryker's position used to demonstrate deformity?
Where is Stryker's position used to demonstrate deformity?
What does the sagittal plane divide the body into?
What does the sagittal plane divide the body into?
What part of the scapula articulates with the acromion to form the acromioclavicular joint?
What part of the scapula articulates with the acromion to form the acromioclavicular joint?
Flashcards
AP Projection (Humerus Lateral)
AP Projection (Humerus Lateral)
X-ray technique where the patient stands/sits with the injured arm's lateral side against an X-ray cassette, unaffected shoulder elevated ~60 degrees. Central ray is horizontal, targeting medial scapula and centered on humeral head.
AP Projection (Humerus Oblique)
AP Projection (Humerus Oblique)
X-ray method for injured shoulders that can't be examined in erect position. Patient lies supine, arm partially abducted/supinated. Cassette positioned under patient.
Lateral Oblique "Y" Projection
Lateral Oblique "Y" Projection
X-ray technique for shoulder imaging. Patient stands/sits with injured arm against cassette, unaffected shoulder angled. Central ray horizontal, centered on humeral head.
Stryker's Position
Stryker's Position
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Central Ray
Central Ray
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Cassette
Cassette
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Humeral Head
Humeral Head
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Glenoid Cavity
Glenoid Cavity
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Scapula
Scapula
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Coracoid Process
Coracoid Process
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Subacromial Space
Subacromial Space
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Proximal
Proximal
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Lateral
Lateral
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Anteroposterior (AP)
Anteroposterior (AP)
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Oblique
Oblique
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Supine
Supine
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Trauma
Trauma
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Immobility
Immobility
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Abduction
Abduction
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Supination
Supination
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Cranial
Cranial
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Caudal
Caudal
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Deformity
Deformity
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Study Notes
- The text describes various X-ray projection techniques for imaging the shoulder region.
- The instructions assume that the reader is a radiographic technician or medical professional.
- One common technique is the antero-posterior (AP) projection with the humerus in the lateral position.
- In this method, the patient stands or sits with the lateral aspect of the injured arm against an erect cassette. The unaffected shoulder is raised to make an angle of approximately 60 degrees between the trunk and the cassette.
- The horizontal central ray is directed towards the medial border of the scapula and centered to the head of the humerus.
- The essential image characteristics include the head of the humerus, the glenoid cavity, and the scapula.
- Another method involves taking an AP projection with the humerus in the oblique position. This technique is used when the shoulder cannot be examined in the erect position due to multiple trauma or immobility.
- The patient lies supine on the trolley or X-ray table. The arm is partially abducted and supinated. The cassette is positioned under the patient, with its upper border at least 5 cm above the shoulder.
- The vertical central ray is centered to the palpable coracoid process of the scapula, and it may be necessary to direct the primary beam caudally to project the head of the humerus.
- The essential image characteristics include the subacromial space, the proximal end of the humerus, the lateral aspect of the scapula, and the whole of the clavicle.
- In a lateral oblique ‘Y’ projection, the patient stands or sits with the lateral aspect of the injured arm against an erect cassette. The unaffected shoulder is raised to make an angle of approximately 60 degrees between the trunk and the cassette.
- The horizontal central ray is directed towards the medial border of the scapula and centered to the head of the humerus.
- The essential image characteristics include the head of the humerus, the glenoid cavity, and the scapula.
- The text also mentions a modified AP projection, known as the Stryker’s position, which is used to demonstrate a deformity of the humeral head.
- The patient lies supine on the X-ray table. The arm of the affected side is extended fully, and the elbow is then flexed to allow the hand to rest on the patient’s head.
- The central ray is angled 10 degrees cranially and directed through the center of the axilla to the head of the humerus and the center of the cassette.
- The essential image characteristics include the head of the humerus, the glenoid cavity, and the humeral head deformity.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the humerus shaft and its clinical indications for X-ray imaging. Explore key concepts such as patient positioning and clinical indications.
