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Questions and Answers
What is parchment?
What is parchment?
Animal skin used to make manuscripts.
What is vellum?
What is vellum?
Thinnest, finest parchment.
What is feudalism?
What is feudalism?
A legal and social system where vassals were protected by lords in exchange for military service.
What was a crusade?
What was a crusade?
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What are pilgrimages?
What are pilgrimages?
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What is a Latin cross plan?
What is a Latin cross plan?
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What is a Greek cross plan?
What is a Greek cross plan?
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What is a barrel (tunnel) vault?
What is a barrel (tunnel) vault?
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What is a cross (groin) vault?
What is a cross (groin) vault?
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What is a cloister?
What is a cloister?
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What is a tympanum?
What is a tympanum?
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What is a mandorla?
What is a mandorla?
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What is manuscript illumination?
What is manuscript illumination?
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What is a bestiary?
What is a bestiary?
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What does Gothic refer to in architecture?
What does Gothic refer to in architecture?
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What is a rose (wheel) window?
What is a rose (wheel) window?
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What is a flying buttress?
What is a flying buttress?
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What is a triforium?
What is a triforium?
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What is a reliquary?
What is a reliquary?
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What is perpendicular style?
What is perpendicular style?
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What is chanson de geste?
What is chanson de geste?
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What is plainchant?
What is plainchant?
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What is monophony in music?
What is monophony in music?
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What is Gregorian chant?
What is Gregorian chant?
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What is polyphony?
What is polyphony?
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Who were troubadours and trouvères?
Who were troubadours and trouvères?
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What are lais?
What are lais?
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What are mystery plays?
What are mystery plays?
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What is terza rima?
What is terza rima?
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Study Notes
Manuscript Materials and Techniques
- Parchment: Made from animal skin, essential for creating manuscripts.
- Vellum: A finer and thinner version of parchment, used for high-quality manuscripts.
- Manuscript Illumination: Involves embellishing manuscripts with paintings and gold leaf, elevating their aesthetic value.
Socio-Political Structures
- Feudalism: Developed in 8th and 9th century Western Europe, a system where lords provided protection to vassals in exchange for military service and land grants (fiefs).
Religious Practices
- Crusade: Military expeditions by Christian countries against the Ottoman Turks, aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land.
- Pilgrimages: Significant journeys made by the faithful to sacred religious sites, often associated with miraculous relics.
- Reliquary: Ornate containers designed to hold and display religious relics.
Architectural Styles
- Latin Cross Plan: Floor plan featuring one long arm and three shorter arms, commonly used in church architecture.
- Greek Cross Plan: Architecture characterized by four equal-length arms.
- Barrel (Tunnel) Vault: A continuous semi-circular vault formed by a series of arches.
- Cross (Groin) Vault: Created by intersecting two barrel vaults at right angles.
- Cloister: Monastery section open to the sky, surrounded by covered walkways, located near the church.
- Tympanum: Semicircular space above doors or windows, often decorated.
- Mandorla: Almond-shaped halo of light that signifies holiness surrounding sacred figures.
- Gothic Architecture: Flourished from the 12th to 16th centuries, characterized by ribbed vaults, pointed arches, flying buttresses, and stained glass.
- Rose (Wheel) Window: Distinctive circular window in Gothic architecture, often adorned with intricate stained glass.
- Flying Buttress: Unique structural element in Gothic architecture that supports walls and allows for taller constructions.
- Triforium: Elevated galleries above church aisles, adding to the structure's vertical dynamics.
- Perpendicular Style: Advanced Gothic architecture in England, marked by unified ribbed vaults that create a web-like appearance.
Literary Genres
- Chanson de Geste: French term for "song of deeds," exemplified by works like the Song of Roland.
- Lais: Medieval French narrative poems, exemplified by the works of Marie de France.
- Troubadours and Trouvères: Poet-singers of the 11th to 14th centuries who traveled across Europe, particularly in France and Italy.
- Mystery Plays: Religious drama from the medieval period, depicting biblical narratives, particularly the life of Jesus.
Musical Styles
- Plainchant: Unmetered vocal music used in the early Christian church, setting the stage for later musical forms.
- Gregorian Chant: A distinctive form of medieval plainchant, popularized during the Papacy of Gregory the Great.
- Monophony: Musical texture consisting of a single melodic line without accompaniment.
- Polyphony: The simultaneous combination of different musical lines, enriching the textural complexity of music.
- Terza Rima: A structured rhyme scheme composed of interlocking tercets (ABA BCB CDC), used in a variety of poetic forms.
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Description
Explore key terms and concepts from Chapter 5 of Humanities with these effective flashcards. Enhance your understanding of historical terms like parchment, vellum, and feudalism, which shaped the social structures of Western Europe. Test your knowledge and prepare for your next exam!