Humanities Chapter 5 Flashcards
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Humanities Chapter 5 Flashcards

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@MarvelousPascal

Questions and Answers

What is parchment?

Animal skin used to make manuscripts.

What is vellum?

Thinnest, finest parchment.

What is feudalism?

A legal and social system where vassals were protected by lords in exchange for military service.

What was a crusade?

<p>An expedition by Christian countries against Ottoman Turks for the holy land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are pilgrimages?

<p>Long trips taken by the faithful to religious sites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Latin cross plan?

<p>A floor plan with three short arms and one long one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Greek cross plan?

<p>A floor plan with four arms of equal length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a barrel (tunnel) vault?

<p>An uninterrupted semicircular vault made of a series of arches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cross (groin) vault?

<p>A vault created by the intersection of two barrel vaults set at right angles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cloister?

<p>A section of a monastery, open to the sky and surrounded by covered walkways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a tympanum?

<p>A semicircular area above a window or door.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mandorla?

<p>An almond-shaped glory of light surrounding a sacred figure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is manuscript illumination?

<p>Pictures painted and embellished with gold leaf in manuscripts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a bestiary?

<p>A medieval book of beasts with an encyclopedic compilation of animal lore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Gothic refer to in architecture?

<p>Style of architecture characterized by ribbed vaults, pointed arches, and flying buttresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rose (wheel) window?

<p>A circular window characteristic of Gothic architecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a flying buttress?

<p>An arch-shaped buttress characteristic of Gothic architecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a triforium?

<p>Elevated galleries above the aisles of a church or cathedral.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reliquary?

<p>A decorative container for a relic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is perpendicular style?

<p>Late Gothic style of English architecture characterized by unified vaults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chanson de geste?

<p>French for song of deeds, such as the Song of Roland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is plainchant?

<p>Unmetered vocal music of the early Christian church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is monophony in music?

<p>Musical texture with a single melody and no accompaniment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Gregorian chant?

<p>Medieval plainchant popularized by Pope Gregory the Great.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is polyphony?

<p>Simultaneous playing or singing of different musical lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were troubadours and trouvères?

<p>Medieval poet singers who traveled around Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lais?

<p>Medieval French narrative poems written in couplets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are mystery plays?

<p>Medieval plays devoted to religious subjects, especially the life of Jesus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is terza rima?

<p>A form of rhyme with three-line stanzas interlocking their rhymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Manuscript Materials and Techniques

  • Parchment: Made from animal skin, essential for creating manuscripts.
  • Vellum: A finer and thinner version of parchment, used for high-quality manuscripts.
  • Manuscript Illumination: Involves embellishing manuscripts with paintings and gold leaf, elevating their aesthetic value.

Socio-Political Structures

  • Feudalism: Developed in 8th and 9th century Western Europe, a system where lords provided protection to vassals in exchange for military service and land grants (fiefs).

Religious Practices

  • Crusade: Military expeditions by Christian countries against the Ottoman Turks, aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land.
  • Pilgrimages: Significant journeys made by the faithful to sacred religious sites, often associated with miraculous relics.
  • Reliquary: Ornate containers designed to hold and display religious relics.

Architectural Styles

  • Latin Cross Plan: Floor plan featuring one long arm and three shorter arms, commonly used in church architecture.
  • Greek Cross Plan: Architecture characterized by four equal-length arms.
  • Barrel (Tunnel) Vault: A continuous semi-circular vault formed by a series of arches.
  • Cross (Groin) Vault: Created by intersecting two barrel vaults at right angles.
  • Cloister: Monastery section open to the sky, surrounded by covered walkways, located near the church.
  • Tympanum: Semicircular space above doors or windows, often decorated.
  • Mandorla: Almond-shaped halo of light that signifies holiness surrounding sacred figures.
  • Gothic Architecture: Flourished from the 12th to 16th centuries, characterized by ribbed vaults, pointed arches, flying buttresses, and stained glass.
  • Rose (Wheel) Window: Distinctive circular window in Gothic architecture, often adorned with intricate stained glass.
  • Flying Buttress: Unique structural element in Gothic architecture that supports walls and allows for taller constructions.
  • Triforium: Elevated galleries above church aisles, adding to the structure's vertical dynamics.
  • Perpendicular Style: Advanced Gothic architecture in England, marked by unified ribbed vaults that create a web-like appearance.

Literary Genres

  • Chanson de Geste: French term for "song of deeds," exemplified by works like the Song of Roland.
  • Lais: Medieval French narrative poems, exemplified by the works of Marie de France.
  • Troubadours and Trouvères: Poet-singers of the 11th to 14th centuries who traveled across Europe, particularly in France and Italy.
  • Mystery Plays: Religious drama from the medieval period, depicting biblical narratives, particularly the life of Jesus.

Musical Styles

  • Plainchant: Unmetered vocal music used in the early Christian church, setting the stage for later musical forms.
  • Gregorian Chant: A distinctive form of medieval plainchant, popularized during the Papacy of Gregory the Great.
  • Monophony: Musical texture consisting of a single melodic line without accompaniment.
  • Polyphony: The simultaneous combination of different musical lines, enriching the textural complexity of music.
  • Terza Rima: A structured rhyme scheme composed of interlocking tercets (ABA BCB CDC), used in a variety of poetic forms.

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Explore key terms and concepts from Chapter 5 of Humanities with these effective flashcards. Enhance your understanding of historical terms like parchment, vellum, and feudalism, which shaped the social structures of Western Europe. Test your knowledge and prepare for your next exam!

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