Human Skin Structure

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

To provide specific defense mechanisms

Which of the following is NOT a type of lymphatic organ?

Brain

What is the largest lymphatic organ in the human body?

Spleen

What is the origin of B lymphocytes?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells are NOT involved in the immune system?

Erythrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of suppressor T cells?

Inactivating B and T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the course that covers the lymphatic system?

MED 122 Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of lymph nodes?

Kidney-shaped Signup and view all the answers

Who is the lecturer of the course MED 122?

Prof. Dr. Omayma Kamel Afifi Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasma cells?

Producing antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the program that offers the course MED 122?

Pharm D Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of killer T cells?

Lysing foreign cells Signup and view all the answers

Where can lymphocytes be found in the body?

In the blood, lymph, and connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of lymph nodes composed of?

Stroma and parenchyma Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of memory T cells?

Providing immediate and strong immune responses Signup and view all the answers

Where are afferent lymphatic vessels located in lymph nodes?

Convex surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between thick skin and thin skin?

The thickness of the epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of melanocytes in the epidermis?

To produce melanin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the reticular layer of the dermis?

It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Langerhans cells in the epidermis?

To participate in the immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the dermo-epidermal junction in thick skin?

It gives characteristic fingerprints Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the epidermis of thick skin and thin skin?

The thickness of the stratum corneum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Merkel cells in the epidermis?

To act as sensory receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the papillary layer of the dermis?

It is rich in cells and blood capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of epithelium that lines the trachea and extrapulmonary bronchi?

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is responsible for surfactant secretion in the alveoli?

Type II pneumocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the blood-air barrier in the alveoli?

To separate the air in the alveoli from the blood in the capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the epithelium lining the bronchioles?

Simple columnar, partially ciliated, and then cuboidal Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the inter-alveolar septum?

To separate adjacent alveoli and facilitate gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the skin composed of?

Epidermis and dermis Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are present in the respiratory bronchioles?

Simple cuboidal cells and alveoli in their walls Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the intra-pulmonary bronchi and the bronchioles?

The type of epithelium lining them Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the mucosa in the ureter?

Transitional (urothelium) with CT Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer of the urinary bladder wall that consists of 3 layers interlacing with each other?

Musculosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the muscular layer in the upper 2/3 of the ureter?

2 layers: inner longitudinal and outer circular Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the adventitia layer in the ureter?

Dense CT Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a part of the nephron?

Glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures are capsulated?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for fingerprints?

Dermis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vessels is rich in elastic laminae?

Aorta Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skin

There are two types of skin: thick skin and thin skin
Thick skin is found on palms and soles, while thin skin is found everywhere else on the body
Thick skin has a thicker epidermis with five layers: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
Other cells in the epidermis include melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells
Dermis is divided into two layers: papillary layer (superficial, thin, and rich in blood capillaries) and reticular layer (deep, thick, and rich in collagen and elastic fibers)

Histology

Cytology is the study of cells
There are four main tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous
Systems studied in histology include lymphatic, respiratory, skin, blood vessels, urinary, digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and nervous systems

Lymphatic System

The lymphatic system is involved in specific defense mechanisms and immunity
Components of the lymphatic system include free cells (lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, and mononuclear phagocytic cells) and lymphatic organs (lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, Peyer's patches, and lymphatic follicles)
Lymphocytes are of two types: B cells (humoral immunity) and T cells (cellular immunity)
There are four types of T cells: killer, helper, suppressor, and memory cells

Respiratory System

The respiratory system consists of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
The trachea and extrapulmonary bronchi are lined by respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells)
Intrapulmonary bronchi are also lined by respiratory epithelium
Bronchioles are lined by simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium with Clara cells
Alveoli are lined by type I pneumocytes (simple squamous) and type II pneumocytes (cuboidal) for surfactant secretion

Integumentary System

The skin consists of the epidermis (epithelium) and dermis (connective tissue)
The inter-alveolar septum separates adjacent alveoli and is lined by pneumocytes I and II, with continuous blood capillaries and connective tissue

Urinary System

The ureter wall consists of mucosa (transitional epithelium with connective tissue), musculosa (smooth muscle), and adventitia (dense connective tissue)
The urinary bladder wall consists of mucosa (transitional epithelium with connective tissue), musculosa (smooth muscle), and adventitia (dense connective tissue)

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