Human Skin Structure and Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the skin?

To facilitate the absorption of oxygen

To regulate body temperature

To aid in the synthesis of vitamin D

To protect the human body from external environmental agents (correct)

What is the range of wavelengths of UV rays?

200 to 400 nm (correct)

400 to 600 nm

300 to 500 nm

100 to 300 nm

What is the effect of UV rays on the skin?

It has both beneficial and adverse effects on the skin (correct)

It only helps in the synthesis of vitamin D

It has no effect on the skin

It only causes skin cancer

What is the classification of UV rays based on their wavelengths?

UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer of the skin responsible for synthesizing vitamin D?

Epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of opening calcium ion channels in the vascular smooth muscle?

Vasodilatation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of vasodilatation in the vascular smooth muscle?

Decreased blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What type of ion channels are opened in the vascular smooth muscle to lower blood pressure?

Calcium ion channels Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which blood pressure is lowered in the vascular smooth muscle?

Vasodilatation through calcium ion channels Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of vasodilatation on the diameter of blood vessels?

It increases the diameter of blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What decreases in serum according to the text?

Cholesterol, triacylglycerides, and LDL + VLDL cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of the simultaneous increase in glycogen, hemoglobin, and protein?

Reduced blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is reduced in the blood alongside the decrease in cholesterol?

Glycosylated hemoglobin and urea Signup and view all the answers

What is increased in the blood alongside the decrease in triacylglycerides?

Glycogen and hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What compound is also present in O.sanctum, in addition to eugenol?

Euginal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is NOT found in O.sanctum?

Thymol Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the overall effect of the described changes?

Improved glucose metabolism and lipid profiles Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the compound that is a terpene found in O.sanctum?

Caryophyllene Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is also a triterpenoid, like ursolic acid?

Oleanolic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is COPD characterized by?

Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible Signup and view all the answers

Is COPD a preventable disease?

Yes Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the compound that is a phenolic compound found in O.sanctum?

Eugenol Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of COPD?

Preventable and treatable Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of COPD on airflow?

Airflow is limited Signup and view all the answers

What is the reversibility of airflow limitation in COPD?

Not fully reversible Signup and view all the answers

What effect do carotenoids have on cells?

They induce apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What has been observed in many studies regarding RA?

Antiproliferative effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between carotenoids and apoptosis?

Carotenoids induce apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of RA on cell growth?

It slows down cell growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of carotenoids in relation to cell growth and death?

They influence both cell growth and death Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skin Structure and Function

The skin is the largest and most vital organ in the human body.
The skin is composed of two layers: epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (inner layer).

Skin Functions

The skin primarily protects the human body from external environmental agents such as: • UV rays • Pathogens • Pollutants

Vitamin D Synthesis

Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin by the action of UV rays emitted by sunlight.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin.

Adverse Effects of UV Rays

UV rays emitted by sunlight are associated with several adverse effects, including: • Skin cancer
UV rays have a wavelength ranging from 200 to 400 nm.

Classification of UV Rays

UV rays are classified based on their wavelengths into: • UV-A rays (320−400 nm) • UV-B rays (280−320 nm) • UV-C rays

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Description

Learn about the layers of the skin, its protective functions, and the role of UV rays in vitamin D synthesis.