Human Skeleton Structure and Functions

Study Notes

Functions of Bones

Provide framework for the body
Offer protection for vital organs
Serve as levers for movement
Produce blood cells within bone marrow
Store minerals and energy reserves

Bones of the Cranium

Comprised of eight bones:
- One frontal bone
- Two parietal bones
- Two temporal bones
- One occipital bone
- One ethmoid bone
- One sphenoid bone

Vertebral Column

Consists of twenty-six vertebrae:
- Seven cervical vertebrae
- Twelve thoracic vertebrae
- Five lumbar vertebrae
- One sacrum
- One tailbone (coccyx)

Rib Classification

True ribs: attach directly to the sternum
False ribs: connect to the sternum via cartilage
Floating ribs: do not attach to the sternum or cartilage

Xiphoid Process

The small piece of cartilage located at the bottom of the sternum

Os Coxae Regions

Each os coxae has three regions:
- Ilium
- Ischium
- Pubis

Types of Joints

Diarthrosis: freely movable joints (e.g., ball-and-socket joints of shoulder and hip)
Amphiarthrosis: slightly movable joints (e.g., ribs)
Synarthrosis: immovable joints (e.g., joints of the cranium)

Function of Ligaments

Ligaments connect long bones at joints, providing stability

Joint Conditions

Arthritis: inflammation of the joints
Osteomyelitis: inflammatory condition of the bone caused by pathogens
Osteoporosis: metabolic disorder leading to decreased bone density due to hormone deficiency or calcium lack
Sprain: injury caused by twisting action that tears ligaments at a joint
Bursitis: inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints
Dislocation: displacement of a bone from its joint

Spinal Conditions

Scoliosis: abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Description

Explore the functions and classifications of bones in the human skeleton, including the cranium, vertebral column, ribs, and joints. This quiz covers essential details such as the types of bones, their structural characteristics, and the roles they play in the body.