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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of mixing bacitracin with sterile saline in orthopedic surgery?
What is the purpose of mixing bacitracin with sterile saline in orthopedic surgery?
Which statement about PMMA's components is true regarding the mixing process?
Which statement about PMMA's components is true regarding the mixing process?
What condition is considered the most common infectious process related to fractures?
What condition is considered the most common infectious process related to fractures?
What is the primary role of ligaments in the skeletal system?
What is the primary role of ligaments in the skeletal system?
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What is a primary advantage of closed reduction in fracture surgery?
What is a primary advantage of closed reduction in fracture surgery?
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Which type of bone tissue is known for being hard and forming the outer shell of bones?
Which type of bone tissue is known for being hard and forming the outer shell of bones?
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What is the purpose of the epiphyseal plate in long bones?
What is the purpose of the epiphyseal plate in long bones?
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Which of the following statements regarding external fixation is accurate?
Which of the following statements regarding external fixation is accurate?
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For a PMMA implant, what is required to ensure proper sterilization?
For a PMMA implant, what is required to ensure proper sterilization?
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Why is the periosteal layer stripped away during fracture repair?
Why is the periosteal layer stripped away during fracture repair?
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Which of the following statements about bone grafts is true?
Which of the following statements about bone grafts is true?
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What is one of the primary goals of fracture surgery?
What is one of the primary goals of fracture surgery?
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What should be done if a prosthesis is contaminated during an orthopedic procedure?
What should be done if a prosthesis is contaminated during an orthopedic procedure?
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What is the consequence of using an osteotome and mallet during bone grafting?
What is the consequence of using an osteotome and mallet during bone grafting?
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Which structure covers all articulating surfaces of joints?
Which structure covers all articulating surfaces of joints?
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Which step is NOT part of the sequence of instruments used to fixate a bone during surgery?
Which step is NOT part of the sequence of instruments used to fixate a bone during surgery?
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What is a primary advantage of using Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) for fractures?
What is a primary advantage of using Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) for fractures?
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Intertrochanteric fractures are typically associated with which demographic?
Intertrochanteric fractures are typically associated with which demographic?
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Which statement is true regarding femoral neck fractures and their treatment?
Which statement is true regarding femoral neck fractures and their treatment?
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What instrumentation is commonly used for the fixation of intertrochanteric fractures?
What instrumentation is commonly used for the fixation of intertrochanteric fractures?
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What is a major concern with femoral neck fractures?
What is a major concern with femoral neck fractures?
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When is internal fixation with cannulated screws particularly indicated?
When is internal fixation with cannulated screws particularly indicated?
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What is the purpose of the lag screw in the fixation process for intertrochanteric fractures?
What is the purpose of the lag screw in the fixation process for intertrochanteric fractures?
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What is typically worn by all OR personnel during procedures involving internal fixation?
What is typically worn by all OR personnel during procedures involving internal fixation?
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What is the main purpose of maintaining warmth in the operating room during burn surgery?
What is the main purpose of maintaining warmth in the operating room during burn surgery?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the five goals of dressings in burn surgery?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five goals of dressings in burn surgery?
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What distinguishes a Full Thickness Skin Graft (FTSG) from a Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)?
What distinguishes a Full Thickness Skin Graft (FTSG) from a Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)?
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What surgical method involves rupturing the anterior portion of the capsule to remove an opaque lens?
What surgical method involves rupturing the anterior portion of the capsule to remove an opaque lens?
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Which type of strabismus involves one eye being lower than the other?
Which type of strabismus involves one eye being lower than the other?
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What is the primary purpose of using cycloplegics in eye treatments?
What is the primary purpose of using cycloplegics in eye treatments?
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Which of the following characterizes a disadvantage of using a Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)?
Which of the following characterizes a disadvantage of using a Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)?
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In which scenario is Intra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ICCE) typically performed?
In which scenario is Intra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ICCE) typically performed?
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What is the purpose of using viscoadherents in ophthalmic procedures?
What is the purpose of using viscoadherents in ophthalmic procedures?
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What is primarily at risk due to large tissue exposure during burn surgery?
What is primarily at risk due to large tissue exposure during burn surgery?
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Which procedure involves cutting the strabismus muscle and reattaching it further back from the front of the eye?
Which procedure involves cutting the strabismus muscle and reattaching it further back from the front of the eye?
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What is a crucial part of laser safety precautions concerning eye protection?
What is a crucial part of laser safety precautions concerning eye protection?
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What is a common aesthetic drawback of using a Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)?
What is a common aesthetic drawback of using a Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG)?
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Why is documenting laser safety checks important?
Why is documenting laser safety checks important?
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Ethical frameworks in nursing help in which of the following?
Ethical frameworks in nursing help in which of the following?
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What is a common scenario that can lead to ethical conflict in the operating room?
What is a common scenario that can lead to ethical conflict in the operating room?
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Study Notes
Anatomy and Functions
- Muscles: Tissues that cover bones, enabling movement within the skeletal system.
- Ligaments: Connective tissue bands that link bones and stabilize joints.
- Tendons: Structures at muscle ends that transmit force to bones or cartilage.
- Cartilage: Elastic tissue at bone ends, providing support and stability.
- Joints: Connections between bones allowing movement and flexibility.
Bone Tissue and Supply
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Types of Bone Tissue:
- Cortical Bone: Dense outer shell providing strength.
- Cancellous Bone: Soft, spongy tissue housing red bone marrow found in specific locations like the iliac crest.
- Long Bones: Comprise a shaft (diaphysis) and ends (epiphysis), distinguished by an epiphyseal plate until skeletal maturity.
- Periosteum: Connective tissue layer covering all bones, critical in fracture repair which requires stripping during surgery.
Surgical Instrument Sequence
- Stabilize bone with a holder.
- Drill a hole for the screw.
- Tap the hole for secure screw placement.
- Measure screw depth for sizing.
- Insert screw with a screwdriver.
Bone Grafts
- Purpose: Fill voids post-bone removal, manage defects, and promote fracture healing.
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Types of Bone Grafts:
- Allograft: Bone from tissue banks.
- Autograft: Bone harvested from the patient's body, typically from the iliac crest.
Bone Cement (PMMA)
- Components: Powder with Barium Sulfate mixed with methyl monomer, producing a radiopaque cement.
- Safety: Flammable and requires proper ventilation; can irritate the respiratory system.
Medications in Orthopedics
- Bacitracin: Used with saline for irrigating contaminated bone/tissue.
Prosthesis Handling
- Meticulous management to avoid damage or contamination.
- Visual inspections and appropriate documentation of implants, ensuring sterilization with biological indicators.
Orthopedic Surgical Procedures
- Fractures: Breaks due to trauma, infections, or diseases like osteoporosis; goal is to restore functionality.
- Closed Reduction: Non-invasive manipulation confirmed by radiography.
- External Fixation: Rigid stabilization for severe or open fractures, allowing soft tissue injury treatment.
- Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF): Direct exposure for effective alignment and stabilization using metal devices.
Hip Fractures and Fixation Techniques
- Intertrochanteric Fractures: Common in elderly due to osteoporosis; fixed with plates and screws.
- Femoral Neck Fractures: Require meticulous reduction to avoid nonunion; treated with cannulated screws or Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA).
Burn Surgery and Skin Grafts
- Warm Operating Room: Essential to prevent hypothermia during procedures.
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Skin Graft Types:
- Split Thickness Skin Graft (STSG): Contains epidermis and part of dermis; faster healing but risks contractures.
- Full Thickness Skin Graft (FTSG): Both epidermis and dermis, less contracture risk and better aesthetic outcome.
Ophthalmology: Cataract Surgery
- Cataracts: Clouding of the lens, treated by lens removal techniques.
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Extraction Methods:
- Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE): Controlled capsule rupture and lens cortex removal.
- Intra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ICCE): Rare, involves complete lens removal within the capsule.
Strabismus Repair
- Alters ocular misalignment with procedures such as recession (weakening) and resection (strengthening).
Medications for Eye Procedures
- Diverse agents including mydriatics, cycloplegics, and hyperosmotics maintain ocular function and manage pressures.
Laser Safety Precautions
- Protective Gear: Must include goggles and eye pads; controlled access to laser areas.
- Fire Safety: Annual training required on fire protocols; documentation essential for laser use.
Ethical Considerations in Surgery
- Ethics guide moral decision-making and impact nurse-client relationships; understanding frameworks helps to mitigate conflicts in surgical settings.
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy and functions of important structures in the skeletal system, including muscles, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and joints. It also delves into various types of bone tissue and their roles in movement and stability. Test your knowledge on the essential aspects of human anatomy relevant to surgical procedures.
