Human Skeleton Functions and Structures
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary function of the skeleton that involves the production of a specific type of cell?

  • Support
  • Blood cell production (correct)
  • Protection
  • Mineral storage

Which part of the skeleton is primarily responsible for protecting vital organs in the chest and pelvic areas?

  • Ligaments
  • Axial skeleton (correct)
  • Appendicular skeleton
  • Tendons

What material is specifically stored in bones as part of the skeleton's functions?

  • Cartilage
  • Glucose
  • Hemoglobin
  • Calcium phosphate (correct)

Which term describes the skeleton's part that includes the limbs and their connections to the core?

<p>Appendicular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the skeleton allows for the connection and movement of bones through soft tissues?

<p>Movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a long bone is primarily responsible for producing red blood cells?

<p>Red marrow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides attachment points for muscles, tendons, and ligaments on a long bone?

<p>Periosteum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone structure is found in the ends of long bones and contributes to its lightweight quality?

<p>Spongy bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the long bone is involved in transferring forces across joints smoothly?

<p>Articular cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the long bone is specifically described as containing yellow bone marrow?

<p>Medullary cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marks the location where the epiphyseal plate was replaced by bone?

<p>Epiphyseal line (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nutrient arteries in a long bone?

<p>Supply nutrients to the bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the long bone structure provides most of its strength and support?

<p>Compact bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoblasts during the process of ossification?

<p>To replace cartilage with strengthened osteoid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the torso?

<p>Patella (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the compact bone is primarily responsible for the transport of nutrients and waste materials?

<p>Canaliculi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is found in the arm region and is the longest in that area?

<p>Humerus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the structure of lamellae in compact bone?

<p>Concentric rings formed by mineral salts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups includes the bones associated with the lower limb?

<p>Femur, Fibula, Patella (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During bone formation, what process do osteoclasts primarily perform?

<p>Clearing pathways for blood vessels and nerves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone serves as the base of the spine and supports the pelvis?

<p>Sacrum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of osteoid secreted by osteoblasts?

<p>A matrix with collagen fibers for strength. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of phalanges in the human body?

<p>Facilitates finger and toe movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skeletal part is primarily responsible for forming the structure of the upper arm?

<p>Humerus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vertebral column in the skeletal system?

<p>Provide structural support for the head and trunk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the skeleton is found in the lower leg and contributes to the ankle's stability?

<p>Fibula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of anatomical position, which skeletal part is located laterally to the sternum?

<p>Ribcage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the lower jaw and is also known as the only movable bone of the skull?

<p>Mandible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the central canal in compact bone structure?

<p>It serves as a passage for blood vessels and nerves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for nutrient supply to bone tissue?

<p>Central canal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of joints?

<p>Enhancing the density of surrounding muscle tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What arrangement of bone tissue is characteristic of the osteon?

<p>Concentric rings surrounding a central canal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily separates adjacent osteons within compact bone?

<p>Perforating canal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the synovial membrane play in a synovial joint?

<p>Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the synovial joint is responsible for nutrient supply and waste removal?

<p>Synovial fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of articular cartilage in a synovial joint?

<p>Provides a smooth surface to facilitate joint movement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the fibrous capsule allows for movement in the joint?

<p>It is both loose and strong, permitting limited movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component supports the connective structure of the synovial joint?

<p>Articular capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type does not allow any movement?

<p>Fibrous joints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage is primarily found in synovial joints?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of movement?

<p>Synovial joints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a cartilaginous joint?

<p>Pelvic symphysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of fibrous joints?

<p>They lack a synovial cavity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the support function of the skeleton?

Provides framework for the body, like the frame of a house.

What is the protection function of the skeleton?

Protects vital organs, like the brain, heart, and lungs.

What is the movement function of the skeleton?

Allows the body to move by providing attachment points for muscles.

What is hematopoiesis?

The process of making blood cells, which happens in the bone marrow.

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What is the mineral storage function of the skeleton?

Stores minerals like calcium, making the bones strong and hard.

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Skeleton

The set of bones that make up the human body.

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Femur

The strongest bone in the human body, located in the upper leg.

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Radius

The bone in the forearm that is on the thumb side.

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Sternum

The breastbone located in the center of the chest.

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Cranium

The set of bones that form the back of the skull.

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Distal Epiphysis

The end of a long bone farther from the body.

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Medullary Cavity

The hollow space inside a long bone's shaft that stores yellow bone marrow.

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Compact Bone

A strong, solid bone layer that forms the outer shell of the diaphysis.

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Diaphysis

The shaft or central part of a long bone.

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Periosteum

The outer covering of the bone that connects to muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

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Articular Cartilage

A layer of smooth cartilage on the ends of bones that allows for smooth, low-friction movement.

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Proximal Epiphysis

The end of a long bone closest to the body.

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Spongy Bone

A spongy, porous bone structure found inside the epiphyses.

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Synovial Membrane

The inner layer of the joint capsule that produces synovial fluid.

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Synovial Fluid

A thick fluid that nourishes joint structures, acts as a lubricant, and removes debris.

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Fibrous Capsule

The tough outer layer of the joint capsule that holds bones together.

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Joint Cavity

The space within a joint that contains synovial fluid.

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What is the central canal?

A central tube within compact bone that contains blood vessels and nerves, providing essential nutrients and communication pathways.

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What are canaliculi?

Tiny canals connecting lacunae to each other and to the central canal, allowing for nutrient and waste exchange between osteocytes.

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What are lamellae?

Concentric rings of mineral salts (mainly calcium) that surround the central canal, giving compact bone its strength and rigidity.

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What are lacunae?

Small spaces between lamellae where osteocytes reside, receiving nutrients and excreting waste through canaliculi.

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What are perforating canals?

Channels that run perpendicular to the central canal, connecting the vascular and nerve supply of the bone, ensuring a continuous network.

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Cartilaginous Joint

A type of joint with no joint cavity, held together by cartilage, and allows some movement. Examples include the pelvic symphysis and between vertebrae.

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Synovial Joint

A type of joint with a synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid, surrounded by a capsule and ligaments, allowing for a wide range of movement. Examples include hip, shoulder, and knee.

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Fibrous Joint

A type of joint with no synovial cavity, no movement, and held together by fibrous connective tissue. Examples include the skull and the connection between the tibia and fibula.

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Fibrocartilage

A type of cartilage present in some joints, including cartilaginous joints. Unlike articular cartilage, it is tougher and more resistant to compression. This type of cartilage is found in places that need to withstand significant weight and pressure.

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Humerus

The bone in the upper arm, also known as the upper arm bone.

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Tibia

The bone in the lower leg, located on the inside (big toe) side.

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Fibula

The bone in the lower leg, located on the outside (little toe) side.

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Radius and Ulna

The bones in the forearm that are on the thumb side (radius) and pinky side (ulna).

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What is an osteon?

The structural unit of compact bone, consisting of a central canal surrounded by concentric lamellae and containing blood vessels and nerves.

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What are concentric lamellae?

Rings of bone tissue that surround the central canal in an osteon, giving compact bone its strength and rigidity.

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What is the periosteum?

The outer covering of bone, containing blood vessels and nerves, and providing attachment points for tendons and ligaments.

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