Human Skeleton Anatomy Quiz

Axial Skeleton

• Consists of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

Appendicular Skeleton

• Consists of the bones of the limbs and their girdles
• Upper extremity bones:
  • Humerus (upper arm)
  • Radius and Ulna (forearm)
  • Carpals (wrist)
  • Metacarpals (hand)
  • Phalanges (fingers)
• Lower extremity bones:
  • Femur (thigh)
  • Tibia (shin, lower leg)
  • Fibula (thin lateral bone, lower leg)
  • Patella (kneecap)
  • Tarsals (ankle)
  • Metatarsals (foot)
  • Phalanges (toes)
• Bony Girdles
  • Pectoral Girdle:
    • Clavicle (collarbone)
    • Scapula (shoulder blade)
  • Pelvic Girdle:
    • Two os coxae (hip) bones attached to the sacrum
    • Femur (thigh bone) attached to the pelvic girdle

The Human Skeleton

• The adult human skeleton is composed of about 206 bones.
• The skeleton is divided into two main regions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

Axial Skeleton

• The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones that form the body's central axis.
• It supports and protects the organs of the head, neck, and trunk.
• The Skull:
  • Composed of cranial bones (frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal, sphenoid, and ethmoid) and facial bones.
  • Cranial bones form the protective structure around the brain.
  • Facial bones form the bony parts of the nose, orbital cavity, cheeks, and jaws.
• The Rib Cage:
  • Composed of 12 pairs of ribs, sternum (breastbone), and costal cartilages.
  • Ribs are attached to the sternum anteriorly and thoracic vertebrae posteriorly.
  • True ribs (1-7) are directly attached to the sternum.
  • False ribs (8-12) are not directly attached to the sternum.
  • Ribs 8-10 are attached to the 7th costal cartilage, while ribs 11 and 12 have free anterior ends and are called floating ribs.
• The Vertebral Column (Backbone):
  • Composed of 26 vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs.
  • Divided into 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused sacral, and 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae.

Appendicular Skeleton

• Composed of the bones of the upper and lower extremities and the bony girdles.

Upper Extremities

• Humerus: Upper arm bone
• Radius and Ulna: Forearm bones
• Carpal Bones: Form the wrist
• Metacarpals: Hand bones
• Phalanges: Fingers

Lower Extremities

• Femur: Thigh bone
• Tibia and Fibula: Lower leg bones
• Patella: Knee cap
• Tarsal Bones: Ankle
• Metatarsals: Foot bones
• Phalanges: Toes

Bony Girdles

• Pectoral (Chest) Girdle:
  • Clavicle (collar bone) and scapula (shoulder blade)
• Pelvic Girdle:
  • Two os coxae (hip bones) attached to the sacrum.
  • Femur attaches to the pelvic girdle.