Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?
- Cranial and Facial Skeleton
- Long and Flat Skeleton
- Axial and Appendicular Skeleton (correct)
- Compact and Spongy Skeleton
Which function is NOT performed by bones?
Which function is NOT performed by bones?
- Protection of soft organs
- Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
- Support of the body
- Production of hormones (correct)
What is the total number of bones in an adult human body?
What is the total number of bones in an adult human body?
- 210
- 198
- 205
- 206 (correct)
Which type of bone tissue is characterized by a dense structure?
Which type of bone tissue is characterized by a dense structure?
Which cell type is primarily responsible for the formation of bone?
Which cell type is primarily responsible for the formation of bone?
What do osteoclasts primarily do?
What do osteoclasts primarily do?
Bone lining cells are found on which type of bone surfaces?
Bone lining cells are found on which type of bone surfaces?
What type of cells are osteogenic cells classified as?
What type of cells are osteogenic cells classified as?
What is the structural unit of compact bone?
What is the structural unit of compact bone?
How do trabeculae in spongy bone respond to stress?
How do trabeculae in spongy bone respond to stress?
Which of the following is true about the hyoid bone?
Which of the following is true about the hyoid bone?
What forms the longitudinal part of the human skeleton?
What forms the longitudinal part of the human skeleton?
Which portion of the skull is NOT typically movable?
Which portion of the skull is NOT typically movable?
What separates the vertebrae in the vertebral column?
What separates the vertebrae in the vertebral column?
What is a feature of the vertebral column?
What is a feature of the vertebral column?
What bone marking is unique to the upper surface of the right tibia?
What bone marking is unique to the upper surface of the right tibia?
What is the primary function of joints?
What is the primary function of joints?
Which bone is specifically identified as the thigh bone?
Which bone is specifically identified as the thigh bone?
How many bones are in the leg?
How many bones are in the leg?
Which type of joint is categorized as freely moveable?
Which type of joint is categorized as freely moveable?
Which part comprises the appendicular skeleton?
Which part comprises the appendicular skeleton?
The arches of the foot help distribute weight between which two points?
The arches of the foot help distribute weight between which two points?
Which of the following joints is typically immovable?
Which of the following joints is typically immovable?
What is the primary characteristic of synovial joints?
What is the primary characteristic of synovial joints?
What type of synovial joint allows for gliding or sliding movements?
What type of synovial joint allows for gliding or sliding movements?
Which type of synovial joint is characterized by movement primarily in one plane around a single axis?
Which type of synovial joint is characterized by movement primarily in one plane around a single axis?
What is the primary movement allowed by pivot joints?
What is the primary movement allowed by pivot joints?
Which type of synovial joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction?
Which type of synovial joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction?
What type of joint is exemplified by the elbow joint?
What type of joint is exemplified by the elbow joint?
Which joint type allows for more restricted circumduction than saddle joints?
Which joint type allows for more restricted circumduction than saddle joints?
Which joint is described as having surfaces that are flat or almost flat?
Which joint is described as having surfaces that are flat or almost flat?
Which joint type allows for movements such as abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension?
Which joint type allows for movements such as abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension?
What type of movement occurs when one bone surface glides over another?
What type of movement occurs when one bone surface glides over another?
Which movement decreases the angle of the joint?
Which movement decreases the angle of the joint?
What is the opposite movement of abduction?
What is the opposite movement of abduction?
Which of the following is characterized by moving a limb in a circular motion, resulting in a cone shape?
Which of the following is characterized by moving a limb in a circular motion, resulting in a cone shape?
What term describes the movement that increases the angle between two bones?
What term describes the movement that increases the angle between two bones?
Which movement is described as continuing beyond the anatomical position?
Which movement is described as continuing beyond the anatomical position?
What is the turning of a bone around its own long axis called?
What is the turning of a bone around its own long axis called?
Which of the following movements is not allowed by synovial joints?
Which of the following movements is not allowed by synovial joints?
Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
The part of the skeleton that forms the central axis of the body, including the skull, spine, and rib cage.
Appendicular Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
The part of the skeleton that includes the limbs (arms and legs) and the girdles that connect them to the axial skeleton.
Compact Bone
Compact Bone
Dense bone tissue that forms the hard outer layer of bones.
Spongy Bone
Spongy Bone
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Bone Functions
Bone Functions
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Osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
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Osteoclasts
Osteoclasts
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Osteocytes
Osteocytes
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Osteon
Osteon
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Spongy Bone Trabeculae
Spongy Bone Trabeculae
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Skull Bones
Skull Bones
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Mandible
Mandible
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Vertebral Column
Vertebral Column
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Hyoid Bone
Hyoid Bone
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Paranasal Sinuses
Paranasal Sinuses
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Fibrous Joints
Fibrous Joints
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Cartilaginous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
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Synovial Joints
Synovial Joints
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Gliding Movement
Gliding Movement
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Angular Movements
Angular Movements
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Flexion and Extension
Flexion and Extension
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Abduction and Adduction
Abduction and Adduction
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Circumduction and Rotation
Circumduction and Rotation
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What are the 3 main regions of the vertebral column?
What are the 3 main regions of the vertebral column?
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What is the sacrum?
What is the sacrum?
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What is the pectoral girdle?
What is the pectoral girdle?
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What is the function of the humerus?
What is the function of the humerus?
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What are the bones of the lower limb?
What are the bones of the lower limb?
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What are the arches of the foot?
What are the arches of the foot?
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What are synovial joints?
What are synovial joints?
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What are the 3 types of functional joints?
What are the 3 types of functional joints?
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Plane joint
Plane joint
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Example of plane joint
Example of plane joint
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Hinge joint
Hinge joint
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Example of hinge joint
Example of hinge joint
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Pivot joint
Pivot joint
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Example of pivot joint
Example of pivot joint
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Condyloid joint
Condyloid joint
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Example of condyloid joint
Example of condyloid joint
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Saddle joint
Saddle joint
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Example of saddle joint
Example of saddle joint
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Study Notes
The Skeletal System
- The skeletal system is comprised of bones, joints, cartilages, and ligaments.
- It is divided into two divisions: axial and appendicular skeletons.
- The axial skeleton forms the body's longitudinal axis.
- The appendicular skeleton includes the limbs and their girdles.
- Bones support the body, protect soft organs, facilitate movement through skeletal muscles, store minerals and fats, and form blood cells.
Bones of the Human Body
- The human skeleton has 206 bones.
- Bone tissue comes in two fundamental types: compact and spongy bone.
- Bone tissue is made up of five major cell types: osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, bone lining cells, and osteoclasts.
Classification of Bones
- Bones are categorized into long, short, flat, and irregular bones.
- Long bones, like the humerus, are longer than they are wide.
- Short bones, like the tarsals, are roughly cube-shaped.
- Flat bones, like the sternum, are thin, flattened, and usually curved.
- Irregular bones, like the vertebrae, have complex shapes that don't fit into the other categories.
Structure of Flat Bones
- Flat bones are composed of a layer of spongy bone (diploë) enclosed by two thin layers of compact bone.
Structure of Long Bones
- The outside of a long bone is predominantly compact bone, offering strength.
- The interior of a long bone contains spongy bone in the epiphyses, lightened by the presence of marrow.
- The diaphysis is the long, cylindrical shaft that runs from one end to the other of the bone.
Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone
- The osteon is the basic structural unit of compact bone.
- Osteons are elongated cylinders oriented parallel to the long axis of the bone, acting as functional weight-bearing pillars.
- Structures in the central canal include blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic tissue.
Microscopic Anatomy of Spongy Bone
- Trabeculae in spongy bone align precisely along stress lines, aiding bone strength.
Bone Markings
- Bone markings are specific projections, depressions, and openings on bones, serving as sites for muscle and ligament attachment or passageways for nerves and blood vessels.
- Protruding bony formations are commonly called processes or projections.
- Depressions or cavities associated with a bone are typically called fossae or sinuses.
The Skull
- The skull consists of two sets of bones: the cranium and facial bones.
- Cranium bones, like the parietal bone, enclose and protect the brain.
- Facial bones, like the nasal bones, form the face's structure.
- All bones of the skull, except the mandible, are joined by sutures, immoveable joints.
The Vertebral Column
- The vertebral column is comprised of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs.
- The spine exhibits four normal curvatures.
- Each vertebrae has a specific location-based name.
Structure of a Typical Vertebra
- A typical vertebra has a body, vertebral arch, and various processes.
Rib Vertebrae Joint
- Rib vertebrae joints connect ribs and the thoracic vertebrae.
Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae
- The different sections of the vertebral column (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx) exhibit unique characteristics in their size, shape, and curvature.
The Bony Thorax
- The bony thorax consists of the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae.
- Structures such as the jugular notch, sternal angle, and xiphoid process reference significant locations.
The Appendicular Skeleton
- The appendicular skeleton includes the pectoral girdle (shoulders) and pelvic girdle (hips).
- These structures connect the limbs to the axial skeleton.
The Pectoral Girdle
- The pectoral girdle comprises the scapulae (shoulder blades), and clavicles (collar bones).
The Humerus of the Right Arm
- The humerus of the right arm is critical for the movement in the upper limb.
Bones of the Upper Limb
- The upper limb skeleton features bones like the radius, ulna, humerus, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
- The pelvic girdle is composed of three coxal bones (hip bones).
- These bones articulate with the sacrum.
- The pelvic girdle encompasses the hip and pubis bones.
Bones of the Lower Limb
- The femur (thigh bone) is the most prominent bone in the lower limb.
- Other key components of the lower limb include the tibia, fibula, and bones of the foot.
The Foot
- The tarsus region of the foot forms the ankle.
- Metatarsals form the sole; and phalanges form the toes.
Arches of the Foot
- Arches of the foot contribute to shock absorption and weight distribution.
Joints
- Articulations of bones, such as the elbow joint, connect multiple parts of the skeletal system.
- Joints aid in holding bones together and allowing mobility.
- Ways joints are classified: functionally or structurally.
Classifications of Joints
- Immovable, slightly movable, and freely movable are functional classification categories of joints.
- Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial are structural classification categories of joints.
Fibrous Joints
- Fibrous joints have interconnecting fibers and interlocks between bones.
- Sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses are types of fibrous joints.
Cartilaginous Joints
- Cartilaginous joints are united by cartilage.
- Synchondroses and symphyses are types of cartilaginous joints.
Synovial Joints
- Synovial joints possess a fluid-filled cavity between bones.
- Examples of synovial joints include ball-and-socket, condyloid, plane, hinge, pivot, and saddle joints.
Types of Movements Allowed by Synovial Joints
- Gliding, angular, and rotation are several movement types permitted by synovial joints.
Summary of Joint Classes
- Different joint types have unique structural characteristics and movement capabilities.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the human skeletal system with this quiz. Explore various aspects including functions, types of bone tissue, and the structure of bones. Ideal for students studying anatomy and biology.
