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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the skeletal system in terms of movement?
What type of bone is the humorous an example of?
What is the term for the movement of a bone towards the middle of the body?
What type of synovial joint is the elbow an example of?
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What is the function of the synovial membrane and joint cavity in a synovial joint?
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What type of bone is the patella an example of?
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What is the term for the movement of the foot in which the toes point downwards?
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What is the function of articular cartilage in a synovial joint?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System Functions
- Provides structure to the body
- Allows for movement
- Protects vital organs
- Produces blood cells
- Stores minerals
- Regulates endocrine function
Anatomical Directions
- Superior: above
- Inferior: below
- Anterior: front
- Posterior: back
Types of Bones
- Long bones: longer than wide, supports weight, examples: humerus, ulna, radius
- Short bones: as wide as they are long, provides limited movement, examples: carpals, tarsals
- Flat bones: flattened surface, very little movement, protects vital organs, examples: costals, skulls, sternum
- Irregular bones: very limited movement, protects vital organs, examples: mandible, coccyx, sacrum
- Sesamoid bones: embedded in tendons, protects tendons from wear and tear, often found in hands and feet, example: patella
Synovial Joints
- Only joints that freely move
- Functions: provides movement and stability
- Types:
- Plane joints: allows movement in one plane, example: inter-tarsal joints
- Hinge joints: allows movement along one axis, example: elbow
- Ball-and-socket joints: allows movement through three planes, most mobile, example: hip
Internal Structure of Synovial Joints
- Articular cartilage: helps allow for smooth, pain-free movement
- Synovial membrane and joint cavity: holds in synovial fluid, provides lubricant for joint movement
- Ligaments: holds two bones involved in the joint together, restricts movement according to joint type
Joint Actions
- Flexion: decreases angle between two bones, example: bicep curl
- Extension: increases angle between two bones, example: bicep curl
- Abduction: movement away from the middle of the body, example: lateral raises
- Adduction: movement towards the middle of the body, example: lateral raises
- Rotation: turning upper body/head towards one side, example: stretching
- Circumduction: rotation with circular motion of a limb, example: bowling
- Plantar flexion: toes point forward, example: stepping on accelerator
- Dorsiflexion: toes lifted upward, example: taking foot off accelerator
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Description
This quiz covers the functions and types of bones in the human skeletal system, including structure, movement, protection, and other vital functions.
