Human Rights Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

  • Legal rights
  • Equality rights
  • Military rights (correct)
  • Economic rights

    • All provinces in Canada have their own human rights code and tribunal.

    True

    What is the term for a preconceived notion or opinion based on a stereotype or inadequate information?

    prejudice

    The Human Rights Code protects people from discrimination based on a variety of factors, including their ______ status.

    <p>marital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Stereotyping = Oversimplified judgment of a group of people Discrimination = Treating someone unfairly because of their background or beliefs Human Rights = Basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person Harassment = Unwelcome and offensive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided text, what was a major motivation for the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

    <p>The response to the Holocaust and WWII.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ensures that countries will face automatic punishments if they violate the rules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides race and gender, name one other category that the Human Rights Code protects people from discrimination?

    <p>ethnic origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the Rome Statute enter into force with 60 state signatories?

    <p>2002</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The International Criminal Court (ICC) is solely responsible for all criminal prosecutions related to crimes against humanity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main categories of crimes covered by the Rome Statute?

    <p>Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, and War Crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ICC's jurisdiction only applies to crimes committed on or after ______.

    <p>2002</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the crime with its corresponding example:

    <p>Genocide = Use of child soldiers Crimes Against Humanity = Israel v. Palestine War Crimes = Use of child soldiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a crime against humanity under the Rome Statute?

    <p>Theft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ICC can only prosecute crimes committed by states that have accepted its jurisdiction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Rome Statute?

    <p>The Rome Statute establishes the International Criminal Court (ICC) to prosecute individuals for the gravest crimes of concern to the international community, namely genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of granting remedies in a human rights case?

    <p>To provide financial compensation and prevent future discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Special damages only cover general damages like pain and suffering.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of racial discrimination?

    <p>Any distinction, conduct, or action based on a person's race, whether intentional or not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ Act prohibited any Chinese person from entering Canada except for merchants or students.

    <p>Chinese Immigration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following historical events with their corresponding groups affected:

    <p>Residential Schools = Aboriginals Chinese Head Tax = Chinese Japanese Internment = Japanese Holocaust = Jews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of financial compensation in human rights remedies?

    <p>General damages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Racialization connects traits and attributes to people based solely on their skin color.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a public interest remedy that aims to prevent future discrimination.

    <p>Changing hiring practices or implementing education and training programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Ontario Human Rights Code was influenced by the ________.

    <p>Universal Declaration of Human Rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical act aimed to limit the number of Chinese men entering Canada?

    <p>The Chinese Immigration Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stereotyping involves making assumptions based on perceived traits.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Ontario Human Rights Commission?

    <p>To administer and enforce the Ontario Human Rights Code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Following World War II, the treatment of ________ improved as they were recognized as allies.

    <p>Chinese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following racial grounds with their relevant identifiers:

    <p>Place of Origin = Citizenship Ancestry = Ethnic Origin Creed = Colour Sex = Disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher believed that law is a mirror of nature?

    <p>Thomas Aquinas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    John Locke was a proponent of absolute monarchy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three natural rights advocated by John Locke?

    <p>life, liberty, and property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Thomas Aquinas, the four-tier hierarchy of law includes Eternal Law, Divine Positive Law, Natural Law, and ______ Law.

    <p>Human Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Thomas Hobbes' view on justice?

    <p>Justice relies on a superior authority for maintaining order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the philosophers with their main ideas:

    <p>Thomas Aquinas = Law as a mirror of nature Thomas Hobbes = Security through authority John Locke = Natural rights and equality Aristotle = Logic and reasoning in ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Technological changes have no impact on the laws governing society.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An _________ system is where two opposing parties present their cases to an impartial judge.

    <p>Adversarial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Constitution Act, 1867 primarily establish in Canada?

    <p>The structure of the Canadian government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Canadian Constitution is entirely written.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Statute of Westminster, 1931?

    <p>It granted Canada independence from British legislation and allowed Canada to make its own laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The division of powers in Canada is between the ______ and provincial governments.

    <p>federal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sources of Canada's Constitution with their descriptions:

    <p>Written Constitution = Constitution Act, 1867 Unwritten Constitution = Conventions guiding political conduct Court Decisions = Legal precedents from judicial rulings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following documents was a key part of Canada's constitutional evolution?

    <p>The British North America Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Court decisions do not influence the interpretation of the Canadian Constitution.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main outcome of the patriation of the Constitution in 1982?

    <p>The Constitution was brought fully under Canadian control, including an entrenched Charter of Rights and Freedoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term used for protecting parts of a constitution so they can only be changed through amendment is called ______.

    <p>entrenchment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following historical events with their significance:

    <p>Treaty of Versailles = Canada signs its first treaty independently Meech Lake Accord = Recognized Quebec as a distinct society Statute of Westminster = End of legal subservience to Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant legal change resulting from the Constitution Act, 1982?

    <p>The creation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Canadian Constitution allows for amendments only with the agreement of all provinces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one key aspect of Canada's unwritten constitution.

    <p>Conventions that guide political conduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ of Confederation did not mention a prime minister, but Canada has operated with one since then.

    <p>Confederation Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Rule of Law

    • Law is needed to be enforced by those with legal authority.
    • Everyone is equal under the law, no one is above it.
    • This principle was established in the Roncarelli v. Duplessis case.

    Natural Law

    • Based on a higher, divine power.
    • Believes law and morality are interconnected.

    Roncarelli v. Duplessis

    • Landmark Canadian case (1959).
    • Established that government officials cannot exercise power arbitrarily.
    • Background on Maurice Duplessis: Attorney General of Quebec.
    • Background on Frank Roncarelli: Owned a restaurant in Montreal and was a respected businessman.
    • Dispute: Duplessis suspended Roncarelli's liquor license due to his support of Jehovah's Witnesses.
    • Result: Supreme Court of Canada awarded Roncarelli damages totaling $33,000.

    Positive Law

    • Believes laws originate from political authority.
    • Focuses on written laws.
    • Aims to maintain social order.

    Justice

    • The concept of fairness and moral rightness in applying laws.
    • Ensures all people are treated equally under the law, without discrimination.

    Socrates (470-399 BCE)

    • Developed the dialectic method.
    • (Questions to further address questions).
    • Spoke about justice, knowledge, love, and virtue.

    Plato (428-348 BCE)

    • Believed in absolute truths reflected in the law.
    • Believed laws should not be subservient to government.
    • Emphasized justice as harmony within society.

    Aristotle (384-322 BCE)

    • Considered the founder of natural law.
    • Believed law is in nature and can be understood through human reason.
    • Emphasized justice as harmony within society.

    St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274 CE)

    • Believed law mirrors nature and is revealed through reasoning.
    • Believed in a four-tier hierarchy of law.

    Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)

    • Believed in order within society through secure authority.

    John Locke (1632-1704)

    • Emphasized natural rights (life, liberty, and property).
    • Believed governments should protect these rights.

    Jurisprudence

    • The study and theory of law, examining its principles, application, and societal impact.
    • Adversarial System: features two opposing parties before an impartial judge.
    • Inquisitorial System: judges actively investigate the facts.
    • Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR): involves mediation, arbitration, and conciliation.

    Statute Law

    • Laws passed by government (Federal and provincial legislatures).
    • Now many common law decisions are written down as statutes.

    Royal Commissions

    • Government-appointed inquiries investigating major issues and recommending reforms.
    • Academic study and critique of laws, legal systems, and their development.

    Political Demonstrations

    • Public gatherings or protests advocating for political or social change.

    Technological Changes and Values

    • Technological advancements have influenced legal changes.
    • Shifting social values and norms influence legal practices.

    National Emergencies

    • Laws are adjusted to accommodate urgent societal needs, e.g., terrorism and pandemics.

    Individual and Collective Actions

    • Individuals and groups can promote legal changes through protests and lobbying.
    • One person can really change how things are done, example: Nelson Mandela.

    Case Law/ Common Law

    • Law that originates from court decisions on previous cases.
    • Decisions from higher courts will affect decisions on future / similar cases. (Stare decisis).

    Lobby Groups

    • Organizations that influence government policies to represent specific interests.

    Constitutional Law

    • Explains the rights and responsibilities of citizens.
    • Describes the structure and powers of federal and provincial governments.
    • Demographic shifts: Laws may adjust based on shifting populations.

    Rights and Freedoms

    • Legal, moral, and social claims that people are entitled to, primarily from their government.

    Human Rights

    • Rights that all individuals are entitled to based on their humanity, including fair treatment.
    • Emphasis on equitable treatment and freedoms.

    History of Human Rights

    • Evolution of human rights over time.
    • Magna Carta (1215), Declaration of Independence (1776).
    • Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen (1789).
    • Other significant periods and documents relating to human rights.

    Canadian Constitution and Sources

    • Three Main Sources: -Written Constitution: The Constitution Act, 1867 -Unwritten Constitution or Conventions -Constitutional Law from Court Rulings.
    • The statute of Westminster (1931).

    Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

    • Guarantees fundamental rights (not absolute).
    • Section 1: reasonable limits on rights by law.

    Section 33: The Notwithstanding Clause

    • Allows Parliament or a province to explicitly create exception to the charter's protection of rights.

    International Law

    • Governs relationships between countries.
    • Deals with issues like human rights, trade, and international disputes.

    International Organizations

    • United Nations, World Trade Organization (important ones), etc.
    • Provide forums for diplomacy and cooperation between states.

    International Courts

    • International Criminal Court (ICC), International Court of Justice (ICJ).
    • Feminist Jurisprudence: Questions the objectivity of law and equality for all genders.
    • Legal Realism: Believes that law comes from the practice of law.

    Criminal Law

    • Covers crime, criminal process, and punishment.
    • Actus Reus (guilty act) and Mens Rea(guilty mind).
    • Different levels of offences, like summary and indictable.

    Criminal Trial Process

    • Stages a criminal trial goes through.
    • Procedures followed by the Crown, defence, and judges, including preliminary examinations, pleas, and jury selection.

    Types of Evidence

    • Describes the different types of evidence in a criminal trial.
    • Include physical evidence, eyewitness testimony, polygraph tests and other types.

    Historical Abuse of Rights

    • Discrimination/Racism throughout the history of Canada.
    • Discrimination against specific groups (e.g., Indigenous peoples, women, Chinese Canadians, Japanese Canadians, Jews) and the struggles related to those issues.

    Accessibility

    • Legislation like the Ontario Human Rights Code and Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) address accessibility and related issues in Canada.

    International Criminal Court (ICC)

    • Deals with the gravest crimes of concern to the international community(e.g., genocide, war crimes, or crimes against humanity).
    • Explains the ICC's role in investigating, prosecuting, and trying individuals for serious crimes. (e.g., how investigations are initiated, court proceedings, and consequences for convicts)

    Additional Notes:

    • Dates, names, and details change and evolve.
    • Details of each specific entity should be expanded upon if more information is required.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and related concepts. This quiz covers various aspects, including definitions, legal protections, and historical context. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand human rights principles!

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