Human Rights Generations

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Questions and Answers

What are civil and political rights considered as in the context of human rights?

Fundamental rights

Second-generation rights

First-generation rights (correct)

Third-generation rights

Which of the following is an example of a second-generation right?

Right to education (correct)

Freedom of assembly

Freedom of expression

Right to life

What are rights related to the environment and development concerned with?

Second-generation rights

Fundamental rights

First-generation rights

Third-generation rights (correct)

According to Section 9 of the Constitution, what is everyone equal to?

Before the law Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of legislative measures that may be taken according to Section 9 of the Constitution?

To achieve equality Signup and view all the answers

What is prohibited according to Section 9 of the Constitution?

Unfair discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the right to human dignity?

Respect for inherent dignity Signup and view all the answers

What is not protected under the right to freedom of expression?

Propaganda for war Signup and view all the answers

According to the Constitution, what is a necessary condition for religious observances in state or state-aided institutions?

They are conducted on an equitable basis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main principle in determining whether discrimination is unfair?

Unless it is established that the discrimination is fair Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of labour relations in the Constitution?

Right to fair labour practices Signup and view all the answers

What is implied in the concept of 'unfair discrimination' in the Constitution?

Discrimination based on race, gender, or religion Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the rights of every worker?

To participate in the activities of a trade union Signup and view all the answers

What is the paramount importance in every matter concerning a child?

The best interests of the child Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the requirements for an independent educational institution?

To maintain standards that are not inferior to standards at comparable public educational institutions Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the rights of every child?

To family care or parental care, or to appropriate alternative care Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'internal limitation clause'?

To ensure the effective access to, and implementation of, the right to education Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the considerations for the state when implementing the right to education?

The need to redress the results of past racially discriminatory laws and practices Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the rights of every person under 18 years of age?

To a name and a nationality from birth Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the rights of every person?

To a basic education, including adult basic education Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Generations of Rights

Human rights fall into two broad classes: first-generation rights (civil and political rights) and second-generation rights (social and economic features of life).
First-generation rights include the rights to life, dignity, equality, and privacy, as well as freedoms associated with democracy.
Second-generation rights include access to food, water, housing, healthcare, social security, education, and special rights of children.

Right to Equality - Section 9

Everyone is equal before the law and has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law.
Equality includes the full and equal enjoyment of all rights and freedoms.
Measures may be taken to protect or advance persons or categories of persons disadvantaged by unfair discrimination.
The state may not unfairly discriminate directly or indirectly against anyone on grounds including race, gender, sex, pregnancy, marital status, ethnic or social origin, colour, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, conscience, belief, culture, language, and birth.
No person may unfairly discriminate directly or indirectly against anyone on these grounds.

Right to Human Dignity - Section 10

Everyone has inherent dignity and the right to have their dignity respected and protected.

Right to Freedom of Conscience, Religion, Belief, and Opinion - Section 15

Everyone has the right to freedom of conscience, religion, thought, belief, and opinion.
Religious observances may be conducted at state or state-aided institutions, provided that they follow rules made by the appropriate public authorities, are conducted on an equitable basis, and attendance is free and voluntary.

Right to Freedom of Expression - Section 16

Everyone has the right to freedom of expression, which includes freedom of the press and other media, freedom to receive or impart information or ideas, freedom of artistic creativity, and academic freedom and freedom of scientific research.
This right does not extend to propaganda for war, incitement of imminent violence, or advocacy of hatred that is based on race, ethnicity, gender, or religion, and that constitutes incitement to cause harm.

Labour Relations - Section 23

Everyone has the right to fair labour practices.
Every worker has the right to form and join a trade union, participate in trade union activities, and strike.

Children's Rights - Section 28

Every child has the right to a name and nationality from birth, family care or parental care, basic nutrition, shelter, basic health care services, and social services.
A child's best interests are of paramount importance in every matter concerning the child.

Right to a Basic Education - Section 29

Everyone has the right to a basic education, including adult basic education.
The state must make further education progressively available and accessible.
Everyone has the right to receive education in the official language or languages of their choice in public educational institutions where that education is reasonably practicable.
Independent educational institutions may be established and maintained, provided they do not discriminate on the basis of race, are registered with the state, and maintain standards that are not inferior to those at comparable public educational institutions.

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Description

This quiz covers the two broad classes of human rights: first-generation rights including civil and political rights, and second-generation rights connected to social and economic aspects.