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Questions and Answers
Only after WWII did human rights ______
Only after WWII did human rights ______
rise
The UDHR was adopted in ______
The UDHR was adopted in ______
1946
Eleanor Roosevelt served as the President of the ______
Eleanor Roosevelt served as the President of the ______
Commission
The 1945 adoption of the UN Charter marked a new phase in the conversation about ______
The 1945 adoption of the UN Charter marked a new phase in the conversation about ______
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The representatives in the Commission aimed to create a ______ declaration of human rights.
The representatives in the Commission aimed to create a ______ declaration of human rights.
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She helped create the ______ Watch
She helped create the ______ Watch
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The Belgrade follow-up managed to achieve ______ to improve human rights.
The Belgrade follow-up managed to achieve ______ to improve human rights.
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Under Carter, the US placed great importance on ______ rights.
Under Carter, the US placed great importance on ______ rights.
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Machiavelli believed that we should not fear things that aren't real, but rather focus on the things happening right in front of us, according to ______.
Machiavelli believed that we should not fear things that aren't real, but rather focus on the things happening right in front of us, according to ______.
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One true innovative element of the Helsinki negotiations was ______ rights.
One true innovative element of the Helsinki negotiations was ______ rights.
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EEC aimed to maintain its international role by giving ______ attention to human rights.
EEC aimed to maintain its international role by giving ______ attention to human rights.
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John Locke opposed absolute monarchy and the Divine right of ______.
John Locke opposed absolute monarchy and the Divine right of ______.
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According to Locke, natural rights include life, liberty, and ______.
According to Locke, natural rights include life, liberty, and ______.
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The 18th century saw the idea that human rights should be ______.
The 18th century saw the idea that human rights should be ______.
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The social contract implies that people can withdraw their consent from a government if their rights are not ______.
The social contract implies that people can withdraw their consent from a government if their rights are not ______.
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The period referred to as the 'long 1970s' spans from 1968 to the end of the ______.
The period referred to as the 'long 1970s' spans from 1968 to the end of the ______.
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The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CPR) is associated with individual rights, while the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and ______ Rights (ECSR) addresses group rights.
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CPR) is associated with individual rights, while the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and ______ Rights (ECSR) addresses group rights.
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The 1968 movements involved civil movements for human rights in the ______, South, and East, each addressing different issues of the time.
The 1968 movements involved civil movements for human rights in the ______, South, and East, each addressing different issues of the time.
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In 1969, the case of Stauder v. City of Ulm clarified the protection of fundamental ______ within the European Economic Community.
In 1969, the case of Stauder v. City of Ulm clarified the protection of fundamental ______ within the European Economic Community.
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The International Year for Human Rights in 1968 coincided with various movements, including the independence of former ______.
The International Year for Human Rights in 1968 coincided with various movements, including the independence of former ______.
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Study Notes
Human Rights
- Human rights pertain to the protections and rights established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
- The UDHR is a comprehensive document recognized worldwide, defining human rights.
- Human rights are dynamic; concepts and scope evolve over time (e.g., the right to a healthy environment).
- Disagreements exist over the definition of basic rights vs. human rights.
- Basic rights are crucial for human life (e.g., sustenance, water).
- Conflicts exist between special interest and common interest in human rights.
- Political tools and Western economic imperialism are associated with controversies over human rights.
- The Council of Europe upholds human rights, democracy, and the rule of law in Europe.
Ancient Greece
- The play Antigone demonstrates the concept of human rights.
- Antigone defied King Creon upholding her belief in a higher moral law.
- The play highlights the conflict between state authority and individual rights.
Ancient Rome
- Human dignity is a core concept.
- No significant legal protections for slaves.
Christianity
- Differentiates between natural and positive rights.
- Early influence of Christianity on legal structures.
Middle Ages
- Magna Carta (1215) granted limited rights to free men.
- The rediscovery of classical humanism during the Renaissance.
- Catholic Church influence.
Thomas Hobbes
- Believed humans are inherently self-interested.
- Advocated for a powerful sovereign (Leviathan).
- Humans need laws to ensure civil society.
Niccolo Machiavelli
- Emphasized political realism.
- Focused on state stability, arguing that it may require actions going against traditional morality.
John Locke
- Argued for natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
- Stressed the concept of consent to be governed.
- Distinguishes citizen vs individual rights.
18th Century
- The French Revolution promoted individual rights, liberty, and equality.
- New conceptions of individual autonomy and government.
- Significant development in human rights theory and practice.
- Era of revolutions, rights, and challenges
- Cesare Beccaria's work on crime and punishment.
19th Century
- The concept of individual rights and their importance.
- Development and advancement of individual rights.
- Rise of groups and international relations regarding human rights.
- Abolitionist movement, for the abolition of slavery.
20th Century
- The importance of human rights took center stage.
- Understanding human rights issues.
- International organizations (e.g., the League of Nations) play a role in promoting human rights, though initially focused on international stability not individual rights.
Human Rights and the 20th Century
- The UN Charter was signed, formalizing human rights as a priority in international affairs
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was established in 1948 as a milestone document.
Human Rights in Europe
- Early development linked to individual rights, which are different from the concepts of group rights.
- The European Convention on Human Rights was created, providing further protection for individual rights.
- The development of European human rights mechanisms and jurisprudence through the European Court of Human Rights.
- The European Union has further consolidated human rights protection mechanisms.
- Key cases (e.g., Stauder v. City of Ulm) established the foundation for EU protection of human rights.
Transatlantic Relations
- The 1970s saw changing relations between the US and the EU.
- Helsinki Accords and human rights.
- The Copenhagen Declaration (1973).
Human Rights and the North-South Relations
- Development of human rights during the 1970s regarding relations between North and South.
- EEC policy on development assistance.
- Important milestones (e.g., Paris and Tehran conferences surrounding Human Rights.
- Definitions of economic and social rights were further developed at the EEC level.
EU Internal Policy
- EU's legal framework for the protection of human rights.
- The role of the European Court of Justice, for the protection of human rights, and its impact worldwide.
- Development and expansion of EU's internal policies.
EU External Policy
- EU's external policies regarding human rights with regard to enlargement and neighborhood countries.
- Human rights issues in enlargement of the EU.
- Challenges in implementing external policies regarding human rights.
Conclusion
- Human rights continue to evolve, as social norms, contexts evolve
- Both internal and external EU policies regarding human rights have been developing throughout time.
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Description
Explore the vital concepts of human rights as established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This quiz examines the evolution of human rights from historical perspectives, including examples from Ancient Greece and Rome, emphasizing the dynamic nature of these rights and the tensions between individual freedoms and state authority.
