Human Rights and NGO Overview

Study Notes

Critics argue the development of human rights is skewed towards Western nations, prioritizing individual rights over collective ones.
Human rights law is dynamic and evolving, potentially including rights to democracy, development, internet access, and digital privacy.
The UN cannot enforce human rights violations or compel compensation for victims.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are independent from governments, often involved in humanitarian efforts, but can sometimes receive government funding.
Some NGOs are also lobby groups for corporations.
NGOs have gained significant influence globally, especially in the 20th century, as globalization progressed. They were instrumental in the anti-slavery and women's suffrage movements.
The World Bank categorizes NGO activity into operational and advocacy NGOs. Operational NGOs design and implement projects; advocacy NGOs promote a cause and gain media attention to influence policy.

NGOs operate on various scales, from local to international.
Charity NGOs often operate in a top-down manner, with minimal beneficiary input.
Participatory NGOs encourage local involvement in projects.
Empowerment NGOs aim to help impoverished communities understand and control factors that affect their lives.
Professional NGOs group individuals with shared interests (sports, culture).

NGOs are frequently supported by donations, grants from corporations, private individuals, international organizations, and/or national governments.
Some NGOs, like Greenpeace, avoid funding by governments and international organizations.
NGO employees often earn 11-12% less on average than comparable employees in for-profit businesses or government organizations.
NGOs may employ international or local staff in developing countries.
NGOs often rely on unpaid volunteers.

NGOs focus on humanitarian aid, sustainable development, and addressing global issues like climate change and poverty.
Many NGOs, however, are accused of human rights violations, and accusations of "greenwashing" are common.

Oxfam: Founded in 1942, works to combat poverty and famine, experienced criticism for alleged inappropriate behavior.
WWF: Founded in 1961, dedicated to protecting nature and wildlife, but has faced accusations of human rights violations.
Greenpeace: Founded in 1971, advocates for environmental sustainability, known for successful campaigns, such as stopping illegal fishing.