Human Respiration and Energy Production

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What is the primary function of the lungs in terms of gas exchange?

Producing voice

Regulating the body's fluid balance

Maintaining the body's heat

Exchanging O2 and CO2 between the blood and air (correct)

What percentage of the air we breathe in is composed of oxygen?

16%

80%

40%

20% (correct)

How much air do we breathe in per minute?

6 liters (correct)

12 liters

1 liter

10 liters

What is the approximate volume of oxygen absorbed by the lungs daily?

0.5 kg Signup and view all the answers

What is the trachea also known as?

The wind pipe Signup and view all the answers

At rest, how many times do women breathe per minute?

What is the primary way O2 is carried to cells in the body?

Chemical combination with Hb in RBCs Signup and view all the answers

What factors affect the dissociation of O2 from Hb?

PO2 of the tissue, PCO2, pH, and temperature Signup and view all the answers

Why can working muscles obtain more O2 during heavy exercise?

Because PO2 in the working muscle decreases Signup and view all the answers

How do CO molecules interact with Hb?

They attach securely and don't easily dissociate Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate normal tidal volume for a healthy, 70-kg adult?

500 mL per breath Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used to measure lung volume?

Spirometer Signup and view all the answers

What is the total lung capacity determined by?

The strength of contraction of inspiratory muscles and the inward elastic recoil of the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the vital capacity of a normal healthy 70-kg adult?

4.5 L Signup and view all the answers

What causes the negative pressure in the alveoli during normal breathing?

Muscle contractions that increase the volume of the lung Signup and view all the answers

What is the transmural pressure gradient defined by?

The difference in pressure between the atmospheric air and the pressure in the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the intrapleural pressure caused by?

The mechanical interaction between the lung and chest wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for total lung capacity?

TLC = IRV + TV + ERV + RV Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for the human body?

Food Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate amount of CO2 disposed of via the lungs each day?

0.5 kg Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cardiovascular system in the body?

Transporting fuel and oxygen to the cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the by-product of the body's energy production that is disposed of through the urine?

Other by-products Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lungs in the body?

Supplying O2 and disposing of CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the interaction between the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems?

The actions of one system often affect the other Signup and view all the answers

What is the work of inspiration represented by in Fig. 3?

The area under the inspiration curve Signup and view all the answers

What helps provide the stored energy during expiration?

The lungs and chest wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of airway resistance?

cm H2o/liter/sec Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of airway resistance is related to the viscosity of the gas we breathe?

20% Signup and view all the answers

What is analogous to the flow of air in the lungs?

The flow of current in an electrical circuit Signup and view all the answers

Where is the largest percentage of airway resistance located?

Nasal area Signup and view all the answers