30 Questions
What is the primary function of the lungs in terms of gas exchange?
Exchanging O2 and CO2 between the blood and air
What percentage of the air we breathe in is composed of oxygen?
20%
How much air do we breathe in per minute?
6 liters
What is the approximate volume of oxygen absorbed by the lungs daily?
0.5 kg
What is the trachea also known as?
The wind pipe
At rest, how many times do women breathe per minute?
20 times
What is the primary way O2 is carried to cells in the body?
Chemical combination with Hb in RBCs
What factors affect the dissociation of O2 from Hb?
PO2 of the tissue, PCO2, pH, and temperature
Why can working muscles obtain more O2 during heavy exercise?
Because PO2 in the working muscle decreases
How do CO molecules interact with Hb?
They attach securely and don't easily dissociate
What is the approximate normal tidal volume for a healthy, 70-kg adult?
500 mL per breath
What instrument is used to measure lung volume?
Spirometer
What is the total lung capacity determined by?
The strength of contraction of inspiratory muscles and the inward elastic recoil of the lungs
What is the vital capacity of a normal healthy 70-kg adult?
4.5 L
What causes the negative pressure in the alveoli during normal breathing?
Muscle contractions that increase the volume of the lung
What is the transmural pressure gradient defined by?
The difference in pressure between the atmospheric air and the pressure in the alveoli
What is the intrapleural pressure caused by?
The mechanical interaction between the lung and chest wall
What is the equation for total lung capacity?
TLC = IRV + TV + ERV + RV
What is the primary source of energy for the human body?
Food
What is the approximate amount of CO2 disposed of via the lungs each day?
0.5 kg
What is the function of the cardiovascular system in the body?
Transporting fuel and oxygen to the cells
What is the by-product of the body's energy production that is disposed of through the urine?
Other by-products
What is the function of the lungs in the body?
Supplying O2 and disposing of CO2
What is the result of the interaction between the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems?
The actions of one system often affect the other
What is the work of inspiration represented by in Fig. 3?
The area under the inspiration curve
What helps provide the stored energy during expiration?
The lungs and chest wall
What is the unit of airway resistance?
cm H2o/liter/sec
What percentage of airway resistance is related to the viscosity of the gas we breathe?
20%
What is analogous to the flow of air in the lungs?
The flow of current in an electrical circuit
Where is the largest percentage of airway resistance located?
Nasal area
Learn about the process of energy production in the human body, how it relates to breathing and the lungs, and how the body disposes of waste products. Understand the importance of oxygen and the role of the digestive system.
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