Human Resource Management Overview

Human resource management is how an organization manages its human resources, including recruitment, retention, compensation and benefits, and job responsibilities.

A demographic change can be a shift in birth or death rates, education levels, religion, ethnicity or age, and other factors that influence the makeup of a population.

Labor mobility refers to the ability of workers to move occupationally or geographically, meaning they can change their job or location.

<p>Immigration involves the international movement of people into countries where they are not citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flexi-time schedules are flexible work schedules that allow workers to adjust their starting and finishing times, providing flexibility to meet other demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gig economy is an economy where many positions are temporary and organizations hire independent workers for short-term commitments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased use of remote working, automation, and artificial intelligence (AI) significantly impacts HR practices and the skillsets required in the workforce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External factors affecting HR include changes in government regulations and laws, economic booms or recessions, and evolving societal trends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal factors that effect HR are changes in work practices, such as full-time work, permanent contracts, and part-time work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors that are changing the work environment include: privatization, increased migration of potential employees, increased participation of females in the workforce, changing educational opportunities, increasing urbanization, and the subsequent rise in stress levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common work patterns in the modern workforce include: flexible work schedules, remote working, gig work, three-day weekends, and job sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Employees might resist change due to feelings of discomfort with the new environment, fear of the unknown, a lack of skills to perform in the new environment, insufficient reward, a loss of control over their work, a lack of trust in managers, poor communication, or a bad timing of the change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A vision statement helps to clarify the organization's goals and direction, serving as a guiding principle for all stakeholders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having sufficient resources means that the organization has the necessary financial capital, human capital, and other assets to achieve its goals and objectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Managers play a crucial role in coordinating employees, ensuring they understand their duties, collaborate effectively, and work towards shared objectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relationship-oriented leaders prioritize building strong relationships and fostering good communication with their team members, while task-oriented leaders prioritize achieving clear goals and objectives efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Span of control in organizational structure refers to the number of subordinates a manager directly supervises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In centralization, the primary decision making power resides with senior management at the main office, while decentralization allows for decision making authority to be delegated out to offices from the main office, allowing for a more distributed approach to management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delayering is a process of removing hierarchical layers within an organization to streamline decision making, optimize operations, and reduce bureaucracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A matrix structure is a type of organizational structure designed to bring together experts from different departments to work on projects. Individuals report to both their functional manager and their project manager.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The five major functions of a manager are planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autocratic leaders make most of the decisions themselves, without significant input from others. They control the flow of information and maintain a strong sense of authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paternalistic leaders act like fathers to their employees, taking a caring approach and providing support, but ultimately retaining control over decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advantages of autocratic leadership include clear lines of authority, quick decision making, and a strong sense of order &amp; direction. However, some disadvantages may arise, such as a lack of employee engagement, limited creativity, and resentment from employees who may feel micromanaged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advantages of paternalistic leadership include a strong sense of loyalty and commitment from employees, a caring and supportive work environment, and a focus on employee well-being. However, some potential disadvantages may be a dependency on the leader, limited employee autonomy, and a reluctance to challenge decisions made by the leader.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Situational leaders adjust their leadership style based on the specific needs of the situation and the capabilities of their team members. This involves adapting their approach to communication, decision-making, and the level of guidance provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethical considerations for managers include: doing the right thing, building relationships, demonstrating care for people, adopting ethical objectives even when stakeholders object, ensuring fair rules and rewards, and being aware of cultural differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrinsic motivation arises from within an individual, stemming from a satisfaction of carrying out a particular activity, a sense of achievement, or a feeling of control over the work process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frederick Winslow Taylor is known for his scientific management approach, which emphasizes the standardization of work methods and the optimization of efficiency through careful job analysis and task allocation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hygiene factors are those that can cause dissatisfaction if they're not met but don't necessarily motivate employees. They are typically basic work requirements like salary, job security, and working condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motivators are those factors that can create job satisfaction and motivate employees, such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, and professional growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On-the-job training offers a hands-on learning experience and allows employees to immediately apply what they learn in the workplace. However, it relies heavily on the expertise of trainers, may not provide standardized training, and could potentially disrupt the workflow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Job enrichment provides employees with more challenging and rewarding work, leading to greater satisfaction and motivation. However, it can be time-consuming and resource-intensive to implement, and it may not be suitable for all types of jobs or employees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Job rotation provides employees with a broader range of experiences and skills, enabling them to fill different roles within the organization, which can be beneficial for career development. However, it can also create disruption in the workflow, require additional training, and may not be suitable for every type of role.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Empowerment gives employees greater control over their work, allowing them to make decisions and take ownership of projects. This fosters a sense of responsibility, increases motivation, and can improve the quality of work, but it requires a culture of trust and transparent communication and may not be suitable for all types of roles or organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teamwork can lead to increased productivity, improved problem-solving, and a stronger sense of collaboration but requires clear communication, effective leadership, and the ability to work constructively towards a shared goal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barriers to effective communication include: communication styles, conflicts in the workplace, cultural and language differences, dissatisfaction or disinterest, inability to listen, and lack of transparency and trust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formal communication includes written reports, letters, notices, formal presentations, recordings, and meetings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three categories of challenges companies face in managing HR given external factors are: changes in work environment, changes in work practices and changes in organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two ways to categorize human resource management within organizations are strategic and operational</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors that influence demographic changes affecting HR are: birth rates, death rates, education level, religion, ethnicity, and age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main aspects of flexibility in the modern workforce, as highlighted in the text, are: flexi-time, remote working, and casual Fridays</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Job enrichment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High performance teams</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motivators</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benefits of training are: improving work quality, increasing productivity and motivating the employee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three examples of motivation in practice for companies to use are: salary, wages, and commission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The most important factor in determining the success of a business is efficiently reaching the business goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clear lines of authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some of the most important aspects of effective communication in organizations include clear lines of authority, open communication channels, addressing conflicts promptly, and being sensitive to cultural differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frederick Winslow Taylor's management style, known as scientific management, aimed to standardize work methods across the company and enforce the adoption of the best practices possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some of the key motivating factors identified by Frederick Herzberg in his “Two-Factor Theory” include achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, and work itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential risks associated with using job enlargement to motivate employees include employee burnout, decreased job satisfaction, and a lower sense of responsibility, potentially leading to a drop in performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Job rotation provides employers with the advantage of reducing labor turnover and increasing employee productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text suggests that a strong focus on profit maximization in a business can potentially lead to a loss of focus on achieving organizational objectives, employee motivation, teamwork, and overall company culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The central difference between Theory X and Theory Y management approaches is in their assumptions about employee motivation and work ethic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three primary functions of management are planning, organizing, and controlling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main types of organizational structures discussed in this text are hierarchical and matrix structures. Hierarchical structures feature a clear chain of command, with different levels of authority and responsibility. Matrix structures combine functional and project-based teams, allowing for greater flexibility but potentially resulting in a more complex reporting system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers