Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of Human Resource Development (HRD) at the macro level?
What is the primary focus of Human Resource Development (HRD) at the macro level?
What is the relationship characterized between union and management commonly referred to as?
What is the relationship characterized between union and management commonly referred to as?
What is the Gandhian approach regarding the right to strike?
What is the Gandhian approach regarding the right to strike?
What does Gandhi's trusteeship theory suggest about wealth?
What does Gandhi's trusteeship theory suggest about wealth?
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Which activities fall under intramural activities?
Which activities fall under intramural activities?
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What do welfare activities primarily aim to achieve for workers?
What do welfare activities primarily aim to achieve for workers?
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What is arbitration in the context of labor disputes?
What is arbitration in the context of labor disputes?
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What describes the bipartite process in industrial relations?
What describes the bipartite process in industrial relations?
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What role do trade unions play in the workplace?
What role do trade unions play in the workplace?
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What is the ultimate legal remedy for unresolved industrial disputes?
What is the ultimate legal remedy for unresolved industrial disputes?
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According to psychologists, what causes problems in industrial relations?
According to psychologists, what causes problems in industrial relations?
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Which of the following accurately describes a trade union?
Which of the following accurately describes a trade union?
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What is the main goal of training within the context of HRD?
What is the main goal of training within the context of HRD?
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What differentiates macro-level HRD from micro-level HRD?
What differentiates macro-level HRD from micro-level HRD?
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What does 'adjudication' refer to in labor dispute resolution?
What does 'adjudication' refer to in labor dispute resolution?
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What is a primary objective of trade unions?
What is a primary objective of trade unions?
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What primarily motivates individuals according to the human relations approach?
What primarily motivates individuals according to the human relations approach?
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What is the purpose of conciliation in industrial relations?
What is the purpose of conciliation in industrial relations?
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What does a lock-out represent in the context of labor relations?
What does a lock-out represent in the context of labor relations?
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What is the primary role of representatives in collective bargaining?
What is the primary role of representatives in collective bargaining?
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According to the Factories Act, 1948, what is required of employers with more than 250 workers?
According to the Factories Act, 1948, what is required of employers with more than 250 workers?
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What distinguishes a strike from a lock-out?
What distinguishes a strike from a lock-out?
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What is the primary goal of collective bargaining?
What is the primary goal of collective bargaining?
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What does the term 'industrial relations' refer to?
What does the term 'industrial relations' refer to?
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Study Notes
Macro Level
- HRD focuses on national well-being, developing people for the nation.
Micro Level
- HRD focuses on grass-roots development within organizations.
Training
- Training targets existing employees, defining desired job behaviors.
Extramural Activities
- Services and facilities outside the factory.
Intramural Activities
- Welfare activities inside the factory.
Labour Welfare
- Services and amenities for worker betterment (intellectual, physical, moral, economic).
Welfare
- Employee well-being improvement, encompassing employer, trade union, and governmental/non-governmental organizations.
Industry
- Any productive activity involving individuals or groups.
Relations
- Relationships within an industry (employer-employee, union-management).
Employer-Employee Relation
- Relationships between employers and employees.
Community or Public Relations
- Relationships between industry and society.
Group Relation
- Relationships between various worker groups.
Bipartite Process
- Direct negotiation between employers and employees, without a third party.
Psychological Approach
- Industrial relations issues stem from differing perceptions of labor and management.
Productivity
- Output-to-input ratio of an organization.
Canteens
- Factories employing over 250 workers must provide canteens under the Factories Act of 1948, subsidized food.
Industrial Relations
- Collective employer-employee relations.
Collective Bargaining
- Employment terms and conditions negotiated through agreements by representatives.
Representation
- Bargaining representatives act on behalf of labor and management, not individuals.
Conciliation
- Neutral third party helps resolve disputes between parties (labor, management).
Strike
- Concerted withdrawal of labor, often temporarily.
Lock-Outs
- Employers' response to strikes, closing the factory.
Giri Approach
- Collective bargaining and joint negotiations resolve labor disputes.
Arbitration
- Third party decision on conflict resolution, binding for both parties.
Adjudication
- Government intervention to resolve unresolved disputes through a third party decision.
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts and practices of Human Resource Development (HRD) on macro and micro levels. It covers training, welfare services, and the relationships within an industry. Test your knowledge on how HRD contributes to the well-being of individuals and organizations.
