Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of Sertoli cells in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary function of Sertoli cells in the male reproductive system?
- To transport sperm
- To provide nutrition to germ cells (correct)
- To store sperm
- To produce testosterone
Which layer of the uterus is primarily responsible for muscle contractions during childbirth?
Which layer of the uterus is primarily responsible for muscle contractions during childbirth?
- Stroma
- Perimetrium
- Endometrium
- Myometrium (correct)
During which phase of the menstrual cycle is an ovum released?
During which phase of the menstrual cycle is an ovum released?
- Ovulation phase (correct)
- Luteal phase
- Menstrual phase
- Follicular phase
What determines the sex of the embryo during fertilization?
What determines the sex of the embryo during fertilization?
What process precedes the implantation of a blastocyst in the uterus?
What process precedes the implantation of a blastocyst in the uterus?
What hormone is NOT typically involved in parturition?
What hormone is NOT typically involved in parturition?
What is the primary role of Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary role of Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?
Which of the following structures is part of the female external genitalia?
Which of the following structures is part of the female external genitalia?
What happens to the mammary glands during pregnancy?
What happens to the mammary glands during pregnancy?
What is the main characteristic of viviparous organisms?
What is the main characteristic of viviparous organisms?
Flashcards
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis
The process of sperm production in males.
Oogenesis
Oogenesis
The process of egg (ovum) production in females.
Menstrual cycle
Menstrual cycle
The cyclical changes in the ovary and uterus in female primates.
Fertilization
Fertilization
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Zygote
Zygote
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Sperm Structure
Sperm Structure
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Uterus Layers
Uterus Layers
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Testes
Testes
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Seminiferous Tubules
Seminiferous Tubules
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Ovaries
Ovaries
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Study Notes
Human Reproduction Summary
- Humans are sexually reproducing and viviparous
- Male reproductive system: a pair of testes, accessory ducts and glands, external genitalia
- Testes have ~250 lobules, each with seminiferous tubules lined with spermatogonia and Sertoli cells
- Spermatogonia undergo meiosis to form sperm
- Sertoli cells nourish dividing germ cells
- Leydig cells produce androgens (testosterone)
- Female reproductive system: a pair of ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina, external genitalia, mammary glands
- Ovaries produce female gametes (ova) and ovarian hormones
- Oviducts, uterus, and vagina are accessory ducts
- Female external genitalia include: mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen, clitoris
- Mammary glands are secondary sexual characteristics
- Female Reproductive Cycle
- Spermatogenesis forms sperm carried by male accessory ducts
- Normal sperm structure: head, neck, middle piece, tail
- Oogenesis forms mature ova
- Menstrual cycle begins after sexual maturity (puberty)
- One ovum is released per cycle (ovulation)
- Ovarian and pituitary hormones regulate cyclical changes in the uterus and ovary
- Fertilization: sperm fertilizes ovum in the ampulla-isthmus region of the oviduct, forming a diploid zygote
- Zygote's sex determined by the X or Y chromosome in the sperm
- Zygote undergoes mitotic divisions forming a blastocyst, which implants in the uterus
- Pregnancy lasts nine months
- Childbirth (parturition) is induced by a neuroendocrine mechanism involving cortisol, estrogens, and oxytocin
- Mammary glands produce milk after childbirth (lactation)
- Newborns are fed by the mother's milk.
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