Podcast
Questions and Answers
The male reproductive organ found inside a protective sac of skin, called the ______, is responsible for producing sperm.
The male reproductive organ found inside a protective sac of skin, called the ______, is responsible for producing sperm.
testes
The ______ is a layer of skin that holds the testes and gives them a slightly cooler temperature.
The ______ is a layer of skin that holds the testes and gives them a slightly cooler temperature.
scrotum
The ______ is where the sperm cells produced in the testes are transported to and stored, and where the sperm mature and become ready for fertilization.
The ______ is where the sperm cells produced in the testes are transported to and stored, and where the sperm mature and become ready for fertilization.
epididymis
The ______, also called the sperm duct, transports mature sperms from the epididymis to the urethra through muscular contractions.
The ______, also called the sperm duct, transports mature sperms from the epididymis to the urethra through muscular contractions.
The ______ serves as the passageway of semen to the outside of the body, and a mechanism blocks urine when semen comes out.
The ______ serves as the passageway of semen to the outside of the body, and a mechanism blocks urine when semen comes out.
Sperm cells are mixed with fluids produced by the prostate glands, seminal vesicles, and ______ glands.
Sperm cells are mixed with fluids produced by the prostate glands, seminal vesicles, and ______ glands.
[Blank] is the expulsion of sperm out of the male's body.
[Blank] is the expulsion of sperm out of the male's body.
[Blank] stimulates spermatogenesis and the development of male characteristics.
[Blank] stimulates spermatogenesis and the development of male characteristics.
The female sex cells, also known as eggs, are developed in the ______.
The female sex cells, also known as eggs, are developed in the ______.
The ______ transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus.
The ______ transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus.
The uterus, also called the ______, is a hollow organ where the egg is deposited after traveling via the fallopian tubes.
The uterus, also called the ______, is a hollow organ where the egg is deposited after traveling via the fallopian tubes.
The ______ acts/functions as the gatekeeper of the uterus which controls the flow of substances going into and out of the uterus.
The ______ acts/functions as the gatekeeper of the uterus which controls the flow of substances going into and out of the uterus.
The ______ is an elastic and muscular tube that connects the uterus of a woman to the vulva.
The ______ is an elastic and muscular tube that connects the uterus of a woman to the vulva.
The ______ cycle is known as the series of events that prepare the body each month to make pregnancy possible.
The ______ cycle is known as the series of events that prepare the body each month to make pregnancy possible.
During the ______ phase, the follicle bursts, and ovulation occurs.
During the ______ phase, the follicle bursts, and ovulation occurs.
During the ______ phase, LH causes the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone.
During the ______ phase, LH causes the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone.
The ______ produces the sperm in the male reproductive system.
The ______ produces the sperm in the male reproductive system.
The ______ secretes fluids that support and transport mature sperm cells
The ______ secretes fluids that support and transport mature sperm cells
Upon entering the female reproductive tract, the sperms are nourished by the secretions of the ______.
Upon entering the female reproductive tract, the sperms are nourished by the secretions of the ______.
The ______ lubricate and cleanse the urethra for sperm passage.
The ______ lubricate and cleanse the urethra for sperm passage.
The ______ serves as the site for fertilization in the female reproductive system.
The ______ serves as the site for fertilization in the female reproductive system.
The inner lining of the uterus otherwise known as the ______ thickens to prepare for implantation of fertilized egg.
The inner lining of the uterus otherwise known as the ______ thickens to prepare for implantation of fertilized egg.
The ______ is important because it allows the sperms to mature.
The ______ is important because it allows the sperms to mature.
A structure called the ______, found on the sperm, contains enzymes that enable the structure to penetrate the egg.
A structure called the ______, found on the sperm, contains enzymes that enable the structure to penetrate the egg.
The ______ cycle involves changes in the ovaries that influence the uterine lining, whereas the uterine cycle directly involves the changes within the uterine lining itself.
The ______ cycle involves changes in the ovaries that influence the uterine lining, whereas the uterine cycle directly involves the changes within the uterine lining itself.
Understanding the ______ window can optimize the success of natural family planning.
Understanding the ______ window can optimize the success of natural family planning.
The secretion of ______ from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates the ovarian follicle to grow.
The secretion of ______ from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates the ovarian follicle to grow.
The ______ surge triggers ovulation and the subsequent formation of the corpus luteum.
The ______ surge triggers ovulation and the subsequent formation of the corpus luteum.
The primary function of the female reproductive system is to facilitate ______, support pregnancy, and ensure childbirth.
The primary function of the female reproductive system is to facilitate ______, support pregnancy, and ensure childbirth.
The corpus luteum, formed after ovulation, is responsible for producing ______ which is essential for maintaining early pregnancy.
The corpus luteum, formed after ovulation, is responsible for producing ______ which is essential for maintaining early pregnancy.
The ______ in a female supports the development of secondary sexual characteristics, like breast and widening of hips, when puberty is reached.
The ______ in a female supports the development of secondary sexual characteristics, like breast and widening of hips, when puberty is reached.
Understanding the significance of the ______ in both males and females involves mastering the roles hormones play in growth, reproduction, and overall health.
Understanding the significance of the ______ in both males and females involves mastering the roles hormones play in growth, reproduction, and overall health.
The ______ are responsible for the transport of the egg.
The ______ are responsible for the transport of the egg.
The ______ system guarantees the continuation of the species, because both male and female reproductive systems are required.
The ______ system guarantees the continuation of the species, because both male and female reproductive systems are required.
Spermatogenesis depends on ______.
Spermatogenesis depends on ______.
The function of the cervix is to produce ______ which protects the developing fetus from external pathogens.
The function of the cervix is to produce ______ which protects the developing fetus from external pathogens.
The ______ is a part of the female external genitalia.
The ______ is a part of the female external genitalia.
The production of sperm is ______ dependent.
The production of sperm is ______ dependent.
Failure of the ______ to drop fully can result in infertility.
Failure of the ______ to drop fully can result in infertility.
Fertilization usually occurs in the upper third of the ______.
Fertilization usually occurs in the upper third of the ______.
Flashcards
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
Structures containing genetic information for inherited traits.
Testes
Testes
Oval-shaped organs inside the scrotum that produce sperm.
Scrotum
Scrotum
A protective sac of skin that holds the testes.
Epididymis
Epididymis
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Vas Deferens
Vas Deferens
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Urethra
Urethra
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Semen
Semen
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Ejaculation
Ejaculation
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Testosterone
Testosterone
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Ovaries
Ovaries
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Fallopian Tubes
Fallopian Tubes
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Uterus
Uterus
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Cervix
Cervix
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Vagina
Vagina
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Ovarian Cycle
Ovarian Cycle
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Ovulation
Ovulation
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Follicular Phase
Follicular Phase
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Luteal Phase
Luteal Phase
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Study Notes
- The module discusses human reproduction, focusing on the structure and functions of male and female reproductive systems and sexually transmitted diseases, along with the key concepts and processes involved in these complex systems.
Chromosomes
- Chromosomes contain genetic information for inherited traits.
Human Sex Cells
- Human sex cells are either haploid (23 chromosomes) or diploid (46 chromosomes).
- Sperm from the father and egg from the mother each contribute 23 chromosomes to form a diploid fertilized egg with 46 chromosomes.
Male Reproductive System
Testes
- Oval-shaped organ located within the scrotum.
- Located inside a protective sac of skin called the scrotum.
- Temperature is lower than the body temperature by 1-3 degrees.
Scrotum
- Outer layer of skin that holds the testicles.
- Provides a slightly cooler temperature for the testes.
Epididymis
- Situated just behind the testis.
- Sperm cells produced in the testes are transported to and stored in the epididymis.
- Sperm matures and becomes ready for fertilization in the epididymis.
Vas Deferens
- Also known as the sperm duct.
- Mature sperms are transported from the epididymis to the urethra through muscular contractions.
Urethra
- Passageway for semen, which contains sperm, to exit the body.
- A mechanism blocks urine flow when semen is released.
Human Sperm Cell
- Sperm is composed of:
- Head
- Mid piece
- Tail
- Acrosome and nucleus containing DNA are located in the head.
Sperm Transport
- Sperm cells are mixed with fluids from:
- Prostate glands
- Seminal vesicles
- Bulbourethral glands
- The resulting fluid is called "semen."
Release of Sperm
- Copulation refers to sexual intercourse.
- Ejaculation refers to the expulsion of sperm out of the male’s body.
- Approximately 3.5ml of semen contains between 300 to 400 million sperm cells.
Male Hormones and Their Functions
- Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are key hormones.
Testosterone
- Testosterone facilitates spermatogenesis.
- Testosterone influences male characteristics.
Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
- Responsible for the development of female sex cells, called ova or eggs.
- Female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, are also developed in the ovaries.
Fallopian Tubes
- The egg travels from the ovary to the uterus through the fallopian tubes.
- Finger-like projections pick up the egg released by the ovary.
Uterus
- A.k.a the womb.
- Hollow organ where the egg is deposited after traveling via the fallopian tubes.
Cervix
- Acts as the gatekeeper of the uterus, controlling the flow of substances in and out.
- Protects the developing fetus from external pathogens during pregnancy.
Vagina
- Elastic and muscular tube that connects the uterus to the vulva.
- Fully developed fetus passes through the vagina during birth.
Vulva
- Consists of:
- Mons pubis
- Clitoris
- Labia majora
- Labia minora
- Urethra
- Hymen
- Vaginal opening
Ovarian Cycle
- The ovarian cycle prepares the body for pregnancy each month and occurs in roughly 28 days.
- Ovulation is the monthly release of an ovum from the ovary.
Follicular Phase
- Follicular phase begins when the anterior pituitary gland releases gonadotropins FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) into the bloodstream.
- These hormones cause the follicle to produce estrogen, which aids the growth of the ovarian follicle in the ovary. When the follicle bursts, ovulation occurs.
Luteal Phase
- Luteal phase begins when LH causes the cells of the ruptured follicle to grow, forming a corpus luteum
- Corpus luteum is a yellowish mass of follicular cells that functions like an endocrine gland.
- LH causes the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone, which signals the body to prepare for fertilization.
Tracking Your Fertile Window
- Steps for Tracking Fertile Window
- For 8-12 months, record the day you start your menstrual period and count the total number of days in that cycle.
- Note that the first full flow day of your menstrual period is Day 1.
- Write down the longest and shortest number of days from your monthly tracking.
- Find out the first day of your fertile window by subtracting 18 days from the length of your shortest cycle.
- If your shortest cycle was 27 days; subtract 18 from 27 for Day 9.
- Find out the last day of your fertile window by subtracting 11 from the length of the longest cycle.
- If the longest cycle length was 30 days, you'd get day 19.
- The time between the shortest and longest day is your fertile window.
- The time between days 9 and 19 is your fertile window.
- To avoid pregnancy, avoid penis-in-vagina sex without a condom or other barrier methods during those days.
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