Human Population Growth and Impact
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Questions and Answers

What characteristic is typical of stable population diagrams?

  • They show the same number of individuals across all age groups.
  • They show a rapid increase in the young age group.
  • They are consistently vertical for all age groups.
  • They exhibit a rounded top with a gradual decrease in age groups. (correct)

    • Which population change is most likely represented by stage 4 in age structure diagrams?

  • Cyclical population fluctuations.
  • Uncontrolled exponential growth.
  • A rapid decline in the population.
  • Stable population with low growth. (correct)

    • What was one of the main predictions made in 'The Population Bomb' by Paul R. Ehrlich?

  • There will be a significant increase in the world death rate. (correct)
  • Population growth will never pose a crisis.
  • Food production will exceed human population growth.
  • Global population will stabilize by the 1980s.

    • What primary approach did China implement to control population growth?

    <p>Implementing the one-child policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controversial issue arose from the one-child policy in China?

    <p>A preference for male heirs leading to selective childbearing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of population control had positive effects in various countries?

    <p>Family planning education programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue may arise due to the rapid increase in human population?

    <p>Widening inequalities in access to food and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the criticism of Ehrlich's predictions in 'The Population Bomb'?

    <p>Many view his predictions as exaggerated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the United Nations estimate could be the world population size by the year 2100?

    <p>6 billion to 16 billion people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of population growth mentioned in the content?

    <p>Change and degradation of the natural environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle describes how species compete for limited resources in an ecosystem?

    <p>Competitive exclusion principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by community diversity?

    <p>The number of species in a habitat and their relative abundance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following environments is likely to have low species diversity?

    <p>Glaciers of Antarctica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of the debate regarding the role of human activity in climate change?

    <p>It is a hotly debated socio-political issue in some developed countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a classical example of species interaction?

    <p>Predator-prey relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor may affect a developing country’s participation in a global climate change treaty?

    <p>Economic development priorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the competitive exclusion principle state about species coexisting in a habitat?

    <p>Two species cannot occupy the same niche if they compete for the same resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ecological niche?

    <p>The unique set of resources and interactions used by a species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the experiment with Paramecium aurelia and Paramecium caudatum, what was the outcome of their competition?

    <p>P.aurelia outcompeted P.caudatum, leading to its extinction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes a mutualistic symbiotic relationship?

    <p>Both species benefit from the interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of commensalism?

    <p>A bird nests in a tree without harming it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if a species cannot evolve to lessen competition for shared resources?

    <p>It may go extinct due to competition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of niche overlap between two species?

    <p>Increased competition leading to one species' dominance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a parasitic relationship?

    <p>One species benefits at the expense of another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between lichen and the algae involved?

    <p>The fungus and algae live in a mutualistic relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do parasites typically affect their hosts?

    <p>Hosts are usually weakened over time as parasites siphon resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the tapeworm's life cycle?

    <p>It requires multiple host species to complete its cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Plasmodium falciparum is true?

    <p>It is responsible for causing malaria in humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the relationship between parasites and their hosts generally evolve?

    <p>Parasites and hosts both evolve to minimize harm to the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that communities can be characterized?

    <p>By their structure and dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the complex systems that make up communities?

    <p>Communities involve populations and their interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one important consideration for managing ecological communities?

    <p>Minimizing impacts on ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do Asian carp have on native fish species in the rivers they have colonized?

    <p>They compete for food and may lead to extinction of native species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of Asian carp is known to feed on phytoplankton and aquatic plants?

    <p>Grass carp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measures have been taken to prevent Asian carp from reaching the Great Lakes?

    <p>Electric barriers in the Chicago Ship and Sanitary Canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the presence of Asian carp in certain regions particularly concerning for local economies?

    <p>They threaten salmon and lake trout fisheries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How have Asian carp affected recreational anglers?

    <p>By causing injuries when they jump into boats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecological fields are particularly relevant in addressing issues related to Asian carp?

    <p>Population ecology and community ecology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the community's biomass do Asian carp constitute in some parts of the Illinois River?

    <p>95 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant challenge do governments face in handling the problem of Asian carp?

    <p>Effectively preventing the introduction of invasive species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by community dynamics?

    <p>The changes in community structure and composition over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which succession occurs on newly formed rock?

    <p>Primary succession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are pioneer species?

    <p>Species that colonize previously uninhabited environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically happens to a community after a disturbance?

    <p>Species and relationships may change, but numbers remain constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes secondary succession?

    <p>It begins after a sever disturbance where remnants of the previous community remain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to nutrients in an ecosystem affected by a wildfire?

    <p>They are returned to the soil in the form of ash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is primary succession most likely to occur?

    <p>On newly exposed or formed rock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pioneer species contribute to the development of soil?

    <p>By helping to break down rocks into minerals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Population Growth

    • Human population growth has accelerated significantly since 1800, with the time to add each billion people decreasing over time
    • The threat of overpopulation remains, particularly due to damage to ecosystems and biodiversity, reducing the Earth's carrying capacity for humans.

    Overcoming Density-Dependent Regulation

    • Humans uniquely alter their environment, resetting carrying capacity and overcoming density-dependent growth regulation.
    • This includes developing shelter, agriculture, and communication; factors contributing to increased food supplies.
    • Public health, sanitation, and advancements like antibiotics and vaccines have decreased impact of infectious diseases, promoting growth.
    • These advancements have led to increased life expectancy and population growth.
    • Declining life expectancy is an indicator of higher mortality rates and lower birth rates, notably in sub-Saharan Africa due to HIV/AIDS.

    Age Structure and Economic Development

    • Age structure, the proportion of a population in different age classes, is a key factor in population dynamics.
    • Age structure diagrams (pyramids) reflect growth rate. Rapidly growing countries have a larger proportion of younger, reproductive-aged individuals.
    • Slow-growing or stable countries show a smaller proportion of younger individuals and a greater proportion of older individuals.
    • The highest growth rates are in less economically developed countries, predominantly in Africa and Asia.

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    Chapter 19b PDF - Human Population Growth

    Description

    This quiz explores the dynamics of human population growth, highlighting significant trends from 1800 onwards. It examines factors contributing to population increase, such as advancements in public health and agriculture, while also addressing the challenges of overpopulation and its implications for ecosystems.

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