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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the K-ATPase (proton pump) in gastric parietal cells?
What is the primary function of the K-ATPase (proton pump) in gastric parietal cells?
- To regulate the pH of the blood
- To protect the stomach lining from acidity
- To absorb nutrients from the stomach
- To transport H+ into the lumen of the stomach (correct)
How does the K-ATPase (proton pump) transport H+ ions?
How does the K-ATPase (proton pump) transport H+ ions?
- With the concentration gradient of K+ ions
- Against its electrochemical gradient (correct)
- By using ATP indirectly
- Through passive diffusion
Which cellular component is primarily responsible for the transfer of H+ into the stomach lumen?
Which cellular component is primarily responsible for the transfer of H+ into the stomach lumen?
- Mitochondria
- K-ATPase (proton pump) (correct)
- Golgi apparatus
- Endoplasmic reticulum
What role does the K-ATPase play in gastric physiology?
What role does the K-ATPase play in gastric physiology?
What happens to the electrochemical gradient during the action of the K-ATPase (proton pump)?
What happens to the electrochemical gradient during the action of the K-ATPase (proton pump)?
What characteristic describes the renal distal tubule?
What characteristic describes the renal distal tubule?
Which section of the renal system is noted for being leaky?
Which section of the renal system is noted for being leaky?
What is a key function of the gallbladder in terms of permeability?
What is a key function of the gallbladder in terms of permeability?
In which structure would you expect to find tight junctions preventing permeability?
In which structure would you expect to find tight junctions preventing permeability?
Which of the following correctly describes the proximal tubule?
Which of the following correctly describes the proximal tubule?
What occurs when net inward current is less than net outward current in a nerve cell?
What occurs when net inward current is less than net outward current in a nerve cell?
Which statement best describes the all-or-none response in nerve action potentials?
Which statement best describes the all-or-none response in nerve action potentials?
What role does net inward current play in the generation of an action potential?
What role does net inward current play in the generation of an action potential?
Which of the following is a consequence of no action potential occurring in a neuron?
Which of the following is a consequence of no action potential occurring in a neuron?
What does the term 'ionic basis' refer to in the context of nerve action potentials?
What does the term 'ionic basis' refer to in the context of nerve action potentials?
Which component is most likely to significantly affect cardiac output?
Which component is most likely to significantly affect cardiac output?
What is the primary focus of cardiac cycle studies?
What is the primary focus of cardiac cycle studies?
Which factor can lead to variations in myocardial contractility?
Which factor can lead to variations in myocardial contractility?
How would increased parasympathetic stimulation affect heart function?
How would increased parasympathetic stimulation affect heart function?
What role do pacemaker cells play in the heart?
What role do pacemaker cells play in the heart?
What is the primary function of the regulatory substances in the gastrointestinal tract?
What is the primary function of the regulatory substances in the gastrointestinal tract?
Which of the following is a key component of gastrointestinal motility?
Which of the following is a key component of gastrointestinal motility?
Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract is primarily responsible for its structural integrity?
Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract is primarily responsible for its structural integrity?
Which nervous system component is primarily involved in the control of gastrointestinal motility?
Which nervous system component is primarily involved in the control of gastrointestinal motility?
What is the role of hormones in the gastrointestinal tract?
What is the role of hormones in the gastrointestinal tract?
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Study Notes
Nerve Action Potential
- Net inward current must be greater or equal to net outward current for an action potential to occur.
- This response is "all-or-none"
Renal Tubule
- Tight junctions in the renal distal tubule are impermeable
- Leaky junctions in the renal proximal tubule and gallbladder are permeable
Gastric Parietal Cells
- Use H+, K+-ATPase (proton pump) to transport H+ into the stomach lumen
- This transport occurs against the electrochemical gradient
Cardiac Physiology
- Cardiac Electrophysiology is a key topic
- Cardiac Muscle and Cardiac Output are also important
- Cardiac Cycle is also a key topic
Gastrointestinal Tract
- Structure and Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract is vital
- Regulatory Substances in the Gastrointestinal Tract is a topic
- Gastrointestinal Motility is another topic
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