Human Physiology Lectures

What is the primary function of endocrine glands?

To synthesize and secrete hormones that act on all cells
To regulate the body's circulatory system
To synthesize and secrete hormones that act only on selected cells (correct)
To facilitate the diffusion of oxygen into capillaries

What is the approximate weight of the pituitary gland?

0.5 gm (correct)
1.5 gm
5 gm
10 gm

Which part of the pituitary gland is responsible for synthesizing hormones?

Neurohypophysis
Pars distalis
Adenohypophysis (correct)
Pars intermedia

What is the primary function of fenestrated capillaries in endocrine organs?

To facilitate the diffusion of hormones into the blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which hormones affect adjacent cells?

Paracrine secretion (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the adenohypophysis?

Neurohypophysis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stroma in the pars distalis?

To support sinusoids and blood vessels (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chromophobe cells are also known as stem cells?

Reserve cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of excess growth hormone secretion on the body?

Acromegaly (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mammotropic cells?

To stimulate mammary gland development and milk formation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cytoplasm of chromophils under a light microscope?

It is acidophilic (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the nucleus of acidophils under an electron microscope?

It is euchromatic with a prominent nucleolus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of thyrotrophs?

Stimulating the thyroid to release T3 and T4 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of corticotrophs?

Stimulating the adrenal glands to release glucocorticoids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gonadotrophs in females?

Stimulating growth of ovarian follicles and ovulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Herring's bodies?

Storing neurosecretory granules (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oxytocin?

Promoting contraction of uterine wall during labor (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the zona reticularis?

Secrete sex hormones mainly androgen (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are present in the adrenal medulla?

Chromaffin cells and nerve cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of catecholamines secreted by the adrenal medulla?

To stimulate glycogenolysis resulting in increased blood glucose levels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glucocorticoids secreted by the adrenal cortex?

To suppress inflammatory responses and allergic reactions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the zona reticularis?

Cells arranged in irregular and anastomosing cords with blood sinusoids in between (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the thyroid gland?

In the front of the neck (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the thyroid follicular cells?

Synthesizing thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the parafollicular cells?

Lowering blood calcium levels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the thyroid follicular cells?

Simple cuboidal or columnar cells with basophilic cytoplasm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epithelial element in the parathyroid glands?

Secretory function associated with fenestrated capillaries (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the parathyroid glands?

Embedded on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of thyroglobulin?

Storing thyroid hormones in the follicle (C) Signup and view all the answers