Human Physiology Lectures
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of endocrine glands?

  • To synthesize and secrete hormones that act on all cells
  • To regulate the body's circulatory system
  • To synthesize and secrete hormones that act only on selected cells (correct)
  • To facilitate the diffusion of oxygen into capillaries
  • What is the approximate weight of the pituitary gland?

  • 0.5 gm (correct)
  • 1.5 gm
  • 5 gm
  • 10 gm
  • Which part of the pituitary gland is responsible for synthesizing hormones?

  • Neurohypophysis
  • Pars distalis
  • Adenohypophysis (correct)
  • Pars intermedia
  • What is the primary function of fenestrated capillaries in endocrine organs?

    <p>To facilitate the diffusion of hormones into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which hormones affect adjacent cells?

    <p>Paracrine secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the adenohypophysis?

    <p>Neurohypophysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the stroma in the pars distalis?

    <p>To support sinusoids and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chromophobe cells are also known as stem cells?

    <p>Reserve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of excess growth hormone secretion on the body?

    <p>Acromegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mammotropic cells?

    <p>To stimulate mammary gland development and milk formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cytoplasm of chromophils under a light microscope?

    <p>It is acidophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the nucleus of acidophils under an electron microscope?

    <p>It is euchromatic with a prominent nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thyrotrophs?

    <p>Stimulating the thyroid to release T3 and T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of corticotrophs?

    <p>Stimulating the adrenal glands to release glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gonadotrophs in females?

    <p>Stimulating growth of ovarian follicles and ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Herring's bodies?

    <p>Storing neurosecretory granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oxytocin?

    <p>Promoting contraction of uterine wall during labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

    <p>Promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the zona reticularis?

    <p>Secrete sex hormones mainly androgen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are present in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Chromaffin cells and nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of catecholamines secreted by the adrenal medulla?

    <p>To stimulate glycogenolysis resulting in increased blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glucocorticoids secreted by the adrenal cortex?

    <p>To suppress inflammatory responses and allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the zona reticularis?

    <p>Cells arranged in irregular and anastomosing cords with blood sinusoids in between</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the thyroid gland?

    <p>In the front of the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the thyroid follicular cells?

    <p>Synthesizing thyroid hormones T3 and T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the parafollicular cells?

    <p>Lowering blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the thyroid follicular cells?

    <p>Simple cuboidal or columnar cells with basophilic cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epithelial element in the parathyroid glands?

    <p>Secretory function associated with fenestrated capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the parathyroid glands?

    <p>Embedded on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of thyroglobulin?

    <p>Storing thyroid hormones in the follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

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