Review quiz 5/6

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the kidneys?

To stimulate water reabsorption in the collecting ducts (correct)

To promote glucose uptake and storage

To convert angiotensinogen into angiotensin I

To regulate sodium and potassium balance

Which hormone is responsible for promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidney?

Renin

Insulin

ADH

Aldosterone (correct)

What is the function of juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney?

To regulate water balance

To convert angiotensin I into angiotensin II

To promote sodium reabsorption

To secrete renin to restore blood pressure (correct)

What is the characteristic of the descending limb of the loop of Henle?

It is permeable to water Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of HDL in the body?

Transports cholesterol from the cells and tissues back to the liver for disposal Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme that converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I?

Renin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormone that controls the absorptive state?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?

Water retention, dilutional hyponatremia, and concentrated urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gluconeogenesis?

To synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate sources Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of diabetes insipidus?

Polyuria and polydipsia, resulting in dilute urine and increased plasma osmolality Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of LDH in the body?

Carries cholesterol from the liver to cells and tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a base?

Accepts a hydrogen ion (H+) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major cation found in the intracellular fluid (ICF)?

Potassium (K+) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of an acid?

It can donate a hydrogen ion (H+) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a buffer in the body?

To maintain a stable pH Signup and view all the answers

What is the major anion found in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Both Chloride (Cl-) and Bicarbonate (HCO3-) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a base?

It can accept a hydrogen ion (H+) Signup and view all the answers

What is SIADH?

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ascending limb of the nephron's loop of Henle?

Impermeable to water Signup and view all the answers

What are the fluid compartments in the body?

Intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

What are the three hormones that mediate fluid and electrolyte balance?

ADH, aldosterone, natriuretic peptides Signup and view all the answers

What is the Major ICF anions?

Proteins and Phosphate (PO4-) Signup and view all the answers

Where is aldosterone produced?

Adrenal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of renin's action on angiotensinogen?

Angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I Signup and view all the answers

What is the substrate for the enzyme renin?

Angiotensinogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of renin in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

To convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of aldosterone?

Promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hormones and Fluid Balance

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Aldosterone, and Natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) mediate fluid and electrolyte balance.
ADH stimulates water reabsorption in the kidneys' collecting ducts, regulating water balance and concentrating urine.
Aldosterone promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion to regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.

Fluid Compartments

The body's fluid compartments include intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF), which includes plasma and interstitial fluid.
Major ICF cation: Potassium (K+)
Major ICF anions: Proteins and Phosphate (PO4-)
Major ECF cation: Sodium (Na+)
Major ECF anions: Chloride (Cl-) and Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Acids and Bases

An acid is a substance that can donate a hydrogen ion (H+).
A base is a substance that can accept a hydrogen ion (H+).

Buffers

A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added, maintaining a stable pH in the body.

Lipid Metabolism

HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) transports cholesterol from cells and tissues back to the liver for disposal, considered "good" cholesterol.
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) carries cholesterol from the liver to cells and tissues, considered "bad" cholesterol.

Gluconeogenesis

Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process by which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate sources, using amino acids, glycerol, and lactate.

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

Renin, secreted by juxtaglomerular cells, converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, then angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.
Aldosterone promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion to regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.

Nephron Function

In the nephron's loop of Henle, the descending limb is permeable to water, while the ascending limb is impermeable to water.

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

SIADH is a condition where excessive ADH is released, leading to water retention, dilutional hyponatremia, and concentrated urine.

Diabetes Insipidus

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder characterized by an insufficiency of ADH, leading to polyuria and polydipsia, resulting in dilute urine and increased plasma osmolality.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge of hormone functions in the human body, including ADH, aldosterone, and the juxtaglomerular cells' role in regulating blood pressure.