Human Physiology Chapter 1

Introduction to Human Physiology

• Human physiology studies the normal functions of the human body's parts and its characteristics that make it a living being.

Body Composition

• The average adult male's body composition is:
  • 60% water
  • 20% proteins and related substances
  • 15% fat
  • 5% minerals
  • Carbohydrates have a minor structural role in cells, but are important for cell nutrition

Organization of the Body

• The body is organized into systems, including:
  • Nervous system
  • Endocrine system
  • Cardiovascular system
  • Respiratory system
  • Digestive system
  • Urogenital system
  • Musculoskeletal system
• Each system is composed of organs, which are made up of tissues, and tissues are composed of cells
• The cell is the basic living unit of the body, with approximately 100 trillion cells

Cell Physiology

• The cell consists of:
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Protoplasm
  • Nucleus
• Other cellular components include:
  • Lysosomes
  • Peroxisomes
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Centrioles
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondria
  • Microfilaments
  • Microtubules