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Questions and Answers
What is considered a major factor that stimulated brain evolution in human species?
What is considered a major factor that stimulated brain evolution in human species?
Which hominid is believed to have evolved into later humanlike species such as Homo habilis?
Which hominid is believed to have evolved into later humanlike species such as Homo habilis?
In terms of genetic inheritance, what describes alleles that are different from one another?
In terms of genetic inheritance, what describes alleles that are different from one another?
Which of the following statements is true about brain size and general intelligence?
Which of the following statements is true about brain size and general intelligence?
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What is the primary purpose of creating animal models in comparative neuropsychology?
What is the primary purpose of creating animal models in comparative neuropsychology?
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What is a characteristic of a dominant allele?
What is a characteristic of a dominant allele?
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What concept describes the most common allele in a population?
What concept describes the most common allele in a population?
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Which of the following best describes the term 'neoteny' in the context of human evolution?
Which of the following best describes the term 'neoteny' in the context of human evolution?
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Study Notes
Human Origins and Larger Brains
- Hominids diverged from ape lineage at least 5 million years ago.
- Significant brain and body expansion occurred in past 2 million years.
- Early hominid ancestor was likely Australopithecus.
- Homo habilis and Homo erectus evolved from Australopithecus.
- Modern humans (Homo sapiens) appeared 200,000-100,000 years ago.
- Brain evolution spurred by environmental factors, adaptability, complex social patterns, physiological changes, and neoteny.
- Human brain structure similar to other animals (e.g., rats), but larger due to more neurons.
- Wide variations in human body size, brain size, and intelligence.
- Human behavior is largely culturally learned, not inherent.
Comparative Research in Neuropsychology
- Comparative investigations aim to:
- Understand brain mechanisms.
- Create animal models for human neurological disorders.
- Describe brain evolutionary development.
Genes, Environment, and Behavior
- Humans inherit one allele of each gene from each parent.
- Alleles can be homozygous (same) or heterozygous (different).
- Alleles can be:
- Dominant (expressed as a trait).
- Recessive (not expressed).
- Codominant (both expressed).
- Wild-type allele is most common in a population.
- Other alleles are mutations.
- Mutations can alter DNA sequences, often negatively affecting nervous system structure and behavior.
- Selective breeding is a form of genetic manipulation.
- Genetic engineering alters an animal's genome.
- Clones have identical genetic composition to parent/sibling.
- Transgenic animals contain new/altered genes.
- Knockout animals lack a specific gene.
- Genotype influences phenotype but the environment through epigenetic mechanisms also plays a role, influencing gene expression without altering the code.
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Description
Explore the fascinating journey of human origins and brain evolution, tracing back to our hominid ancestors over 5 million years ago. This quiz delves into the significant developments in brain size and structure that have shaped modern human behavior and adaptability. Understand the interplay between genetics, environment, and culture in this complex narrative.
