Human Nervous System Quiz

Structure: Outer layer of the brain, composed of gray matter.
Functions:
- Sensory Processing: Interprets sensory information (e.g., vision, hearing, touch).
- Motor Control: Plans and executes voluntary movements.
- Cognitive Functions: Involved in thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making.
- Language: Facilitates understanding and production of language (primarily in the left hemisphere).
- Memory: Plays a role in storing and retrieving memories.
Regions:
- Frontal Lobe: Executive functions, decision making, personality.
- Parietal Lobe: Sensory perception, spatial orientation.
- Temporal Lobe: Auditory processing, memory, language comprehension.
- Occipital Lobe: Visual processing.

Left Hemisphere:
- Controls right side of the body.
- Dominant for language and analytical tasks.
- Associated with logical reasoning and mathematical skills.
Right Hemisphere:
- Controls left side of the body.
- Involved in creative tasks and holistic thought.
- Associated with spatial abilities, face recognition, and emotional processing.
Corpus Callosum: Thick band of nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres, facilitating communication between them.

Definition: Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons.
Key Neurotransmitters:
- Dopamine: Influences mood, motivation, and reward; associated with movement and addiction.
- Serotonin: Regulates mood, appetite, and sleep; linked to feelings of happiness.
- Norepinephrine: Involved in arousal, alertness, and stress response; affects attention and response actions.
- Acetylcholine: Important for muscle activation, memory, and learning.
- GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid): Main inhibitory neurotransmitter, reduces neuronal excitability, calms the nervous system.
- Glutamate: Main excitatory neurotransmitter, essential for synaptic plasticity and learning.
Functionality: Neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors on neurons, influencing their activity and communication.

Structure: The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain, primarily composed of gray matter.
Sensory Processing: Responsible for interpreting sensory information such as vision, hearing, and touch.
Motor Control: Plans and executes voluntary muscle movements.
Cognitive Functions: Engages in higher-level processes like thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving.
Language: Primarily located in the left hemisphere, it facilitates the understanding and production of language.
Memory: Involved in both the storage and retrieval of memories.
Key Regions:
- Frontal Lobe: Associated with executive functions, decision-making, and personality traits.
- Parietal Lobe: Handles sensory perception and spatial orientation.
- Temporal Lobe: Crucial for auditory processing and language comprehension, also plays a role in memory.
- Occipital Lobe: Specializes in visual processing.

Left Hemisphere:
- Controls the right side of the body.
- Dominant in language processing and analytical tasks.
- Known for logical reasoning and proficiency in mathematical skills.
Right Hemisphere:
- Governs the left side of the body.
- Engaged in creative tasks and holistic thinking.
- Contributes to spatial abilities, face recognition, and emotional processing.
Corpus Callosum: A thick bundle of nerve fibers connecting the hemispheres, facilitating inter-hemispheric communication.

Definition: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons.
Key Neurotransmitters:
- Dopamine: Plays a role in mood regulation, motivation, reward mechanisms, and is linked to movement and addiction.
- Serotonin: Influences mood, appetite, and sleep, and is associated with feelings of well-being and happiness.
- Norepinephrine: Affects arousal, alertness, and the body's stress response, impacting attention and reaction times.
- Acetylcholine: Vital for activating muscles and essential for memory formation and learning processes.
- GABA: Acts as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, reducing neuronal excitability and calming the nervous system.
- Glutamate: The main excitatory neurotransmitter, crucial for synaptic plasticity and learning capabilities.
Functionality: Neurotransmitters interact with specific receptors on neurons, modifying their activity and enhancing communication between them.