Human Nervous System and ECG Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the primary components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Peripheral nerves and ganglia

Sensory organs and tissues

Brain and spinal cord (correct)

Autonomic and somatic divisions

Which function is NOT associated with the Central Nervous System?

Issuing motor commands

Processing sensory data

Higher functions like intelligence and emotion

Carrying motor commands to peripheral tissues (correct)

What is the role of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

It consists only of the motor division.

It integrates sensory information only.

It provides sensory information to the CNS. (correct)

It is primarily responsible for intelligence.

Which division of the nervous system controls voluntary muscle movements?

Somatic division Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the autonomic division is primarily responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Sympathetic division Signup and view all the answers

What does an electrocardiogram (ECG) graph depict?

Voltage against time of the heart's electrical activity Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the QRS complex in an ECG?

Ventricular contraction Signup and view all the answers

How can ECG be useful in diagnosing heart conditions?

It reveals modified heart traces caused by defects Signup and view all the answers

What do tachycardia and bradycardia refer to?

Conditions of fast and slow heartbeats Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do the ventricles contract?

Systole Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main parts of the human nervous system?

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What does the y-axis of an ECG represent?

Voltage or electrical activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic trace of a healthy heartbeat on an ECG?

A distinctive pattern of waves and spikes Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is responsible for the heartbeat?

Cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?

It generates electrical impulses. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the atrioventricular (AV) node located?

Between the right atrium and right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What do the Purkinje fibres do in the cardiac cycle?

They conduct impulses to the ventricles. Signup and view all the answers

What condition describes an abnormal heart rhythm that may require a pacemaker?

Arrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a pacemaker device?

To control abnormal heart rhythms Signup and view all the answers

During the cardiac cycle, what happens after the electrical impulses spread over the atria?

The atria contract before the ventricles. Signup and view all the answers

Electrical impulses that initiate the heartbeat eventually lead to contraction of which part of the heart?

Both atria followed by both ventricles Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the sympathetic nerve have on heart rate?

It increases the heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is known to increase the strength of contraction of heart muscle during exercise?

Adrenaline Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of nerves that compose peripheral nerves?

Sensory and motor Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the amount of blood ejected by the heart with each contraction?

Stroke Volume Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system primarily controls the increase of heart rate?

Sympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vagus nerve in relation to heart rate?

It decreases heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of one complete cardiac cycle represented in the content?

0.65 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the heart rate of the man at rest as shown in the content?

70 bpm Signup and view all the answers

What is stroke volume a measure of?

Volume of blood per heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the nervous system is primarily responsible for automatic functions?

Parasympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What physiological state occurs when both atria and ventricles are relaxed during the cardiac cycle?

Diastole Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating cardiac output as indicated in the content?

Heart rate x stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the average stroke volume of a person at rest based on the provided information?

70 mL Signup and view all the answers

In the blood flow pathway returning from the lungs to the heart, which structure does the blood enter after the pulmonary veins?

Left atrium Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood after it passes through the semilunar valve?

It enters the aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the cardiac output of a person at rest with a heart rate of 72 bpm and a stroke volume of 70 mL?

5040 mL/min Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the dorsal root in a spinal nerve?

Contains sensory nerve fibers only Signup and view all the answers

How many spinal segments are there in the human body?

31 Signup and view all the answers

Which root of the spinal nerve mainly contains motor fibers?

Ventral root Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function attributed to spinal nerves?

Regulation of blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the ventral root from the dorsal root?

The ventral root carries motor fibers Signup and view all the answers

Why does the ventral root of a spinal nerve not carry a ganglion?

Motor neurons do not require ganglia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes spinal nerves?

Mixed nerves containing both sensory and motor fibers Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers does the dorsal root consist of?

Afferent fibers Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Human Anatomy and Physiology - Week 5

Heart Beat (Pre-tutorial A):
- Heart muscle cells (cardiac muscle) are myogenic, meaning they generate and conduct impulses automatically.
- This coordination allows the contraction of auricles and ventricles during a cardiac cycle.
- The sinoatrial node (SA node), located in the right atrium, is the pacemaker.
- The SA node sends electrical impulses that spread through the atria, leading to atrial contraction.
- Impulses then travel to the atrioventricular node (AV node).
- The AV node slows the impulse to coordinate ventricular contraction.
- The impulses travel down the bundle of His, to the Purkinje fibers, causing ventricular contraction.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) (Pre-tutorial A):
- An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart.
- The P wave represents atrial contraction.
- The QRS complex indicates ventricular contraction.
- The T wave represents ventricular relaxation.
- Abnormal traces can indicate heart defects.
Cardiac Cycle (Tutorial A):
- One cardiac cycle (complete heartbeat) takes approximately 0.8 seconds at rest (or 75 cycles per minute).
- The cycle involves atrial and ventricular systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) phases.
- Atrial contraction(systole) pumps blood into the ventricles.
- Ventricular contraction(systole) pumps blood out of the heart.
- Blood flow follows specific pathways during systole.
- The time periods of different phases of the cycle are described in the readings.
Cardiac Output (Tutorial A):
- Cardiac output (CO) is calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume..
- Average heart rate is 72 beats per minute (bpm) and normal stroke volume is 70ml per beat.
- Normal cardiac output is about 5040 ml per minute
- Sympathetic stimulation speeds up heart rate, while parasympathetic slows it down.
- Hormones and factors affect strength of contraction of heart muscle.
Peripheral Nerve Structure (Tutorial B):
- Peripheral nerves contain sensory and motor fibers.
- Sensory axons carry signals from receptors to the central nervous system (CNS).
- Motor axons carry signals from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands).
- Ganglia contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons.
- Spinal nerves have dorsal and ventral roots.
- Dorsal roots contain sensory fibers; ventral roots contain motor fibers.
Components of Spinal Nerves (Tutorial B):
- Spinal nerves are mixed, containing both sensory and motor fibers.
- Each spinal nerve has a dorsal root (sensory) and a ventral root (motor).
- Dorsal roots contain sensory neurons that have cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia.
- Ventral roots contain motor neurons that do not have cell bodies located within the ventral roots.
Nerves Plexuses (Tutorial B):
- The ventral rami of multiple spinal nerves combine to form nerve plexuses.
- These networks allow different spinal nerves to collaborate in the innervation of limbs.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the components of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the role of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). This quiz also covers the basics of electrocardiograms (ECG) and their relevance in diagnosing heart conditions. Challenge yourself with questions regarding muscle movements and heart function!