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Questions and Answers
What percentage of an adult's body weight does the liver comprise?
What percentage of an adult's body weight does the liver comprise?
List one function of the liver mentioned in the content.
List one function of the liver mentioned in the content.
detoxification
The liver helps to support metabolism, immunity, detoxification, and ________.
The liver helps to support metabolism, immunity, detoxification, and ________.
other functions
What are some components of Liver Function Tests?
What are some components of Liver Function Tests?
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Which enzyme is more liver-specific, ALT or AST?
Which enzyme is more liver-specific, ALT or AST?
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High levels of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) can indicate conditions like hepatitis or liver cancer. True or False?
High levels of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) can indicate conditions like hepatitis or liver cancer. True or False?
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Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute and is typically in the range of _ to _ ml/min/1.73m^2.
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute and is typically in the range of _ to _ ml/min/1.73m^2.
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Match the following liver diseases with their descriptions:
Match the following liver diseases with their descriptions:
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What are some components of Liver Function Tests (LFTs)?
What are some components of Liver Function Tests (LFTs)?
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What is the function of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in the body?
What is the function of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in the body?
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Normal results range for Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is ___ to ___ U/L.
Normal results range for Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is ___ to ___ U/L.
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Match the liver function test component with its function:
Match the liver function test component with its function:
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Urine albumin levels can be an early sign of kidney damage.
Urine albumin levels can be an early sign of kidney damage.
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Study Notes
Liver Functions
- The liver is a critical organ in the human body
- Responsible for multiple functions, including:
- Supporting metabolism
- Supporting immunity
- Detoxification
- Accounts for approximately 2% of an adult's body weight
Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
- LFTs are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver
- Measure enzymes, proteins, and substances produced by the liver
- Important for diagnosing liver diseases, monitoring liver condition in chronic diseases, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and monitoring possible side effects of medicines
Anatomy and Function of the Liver
- The liver is a critical organ in the human body responsible for various functions, including supporting metabolism, immunity, and detoxification
- Comprises around 2% of an adult's body weight
Components of LFTs
- Alanine Transaminase (ALT): an enzyme found inside liver cells, helps break down proteins for easier absorption in the body, high levels indicate liver disease
- Aspartate Transaminase (AST): found in cardiac muscle, liver, RBCs, and other tissues, high levels may indicate liver disease or heart problems
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): found throughout the body, highest concentration in liver, bile duct, and bone, elevated levels indicate conditions such as hepatitis, liver cancer, or bile duct obstruction
- Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT): an enzyme that plays a role in the metabolism of glutathione and transfer of amino acids and peptides across cellular membranes, high levels indicate liver disease
- Bilirubin: a substance produced during the breakdown of red blood cells, high levels may indicate liver damage or disease
- Albumin and Total Protein: albumin is one of the several proteins made in the body, proteins are needed to fight infections, lower than usual levels of albumin and total protein may indicate liver damage
Results Interpretation
- Standard range blood test results for typical liver function tests include:
- ALT: 7-55 units per liter (U/L)
- AST: 8-48 U/L
- ALP: 40-129 U/L
- Albumin: 3.5-5.0 grams per deciliter (g/dL)
- Total Protein: 6.3-7.9 g/dL
- Bilirubin: 0.1-1.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)
- GGT: 8-61 U/L
Diseases Associated with Liver Damage
- Hepatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Liver cancer
- Biliary diseases
Kidney Function Tests (KFTs)
- Also known as renal function tests
- Tests to evaluate kidney health and function
- Assess the kidneys' ability to filter blood, remove waste, and balance electrolytes
Anatomy and Function of the Kidney
- The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine
- They play a critical role in maintaining body's fluid balance, waste removal, and regulation of various physiological processes
Clinical Importance of KFTs
- Assess overall renal function
- Diagnose kidney disease (Acute kidney injury, Chronic kidney injury, Glomerulonephritis)
- Assessment before medication
Components of KFTs
- Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute, normal results range from 90 to 120 ml/min/1.73m²
- Creatinine: from creatine in muscle, released into the bloodstream and filtered out by the kidneys, normal levels: Men: 0.7-1.3 mg/dl, Women: 0.6-1.1 mg/dl
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood, high in impaired renal function, high in protein diets
- Urine Albumin: albumin is a protein usually present in blood, presence of albumin in urine can be one of the earliest signs of kidney damage, normal levels: less than 30 mg of albumin per gram of creatinine in a spot urine sample
Diseases Associated with Kidney Damage
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- Acute kidney injury
- Kidney stones
- Kidney infections
- Kidney cyst
- Kidney cancer
Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
- LFTs are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver
- Measure enzymes, proteins, and substances produced by the liver
- Important for diagnosing liver diseases, monitoring liver condition in chronic diseases, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and monitoring possible side effects of medicines
Anatomy and Function of the Liver
- The liver is a critical organ in the human body responsible for various functions, including supporting metabolism, immunity, and detoxification
- Comprises around 2% of an adult's body weight
Components of LFTs
- Alanine Transaminase (ALT): an enzyme found inside liver cells, helps break down proteins for easier absorption in the body, high levels indicate liver disease
- Aspartate Transaminase (AST): found in cardiac muscle, liver, RBCs, and other tissues, high levels may indicate liver disease or heart problems
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): found throughout the body, highest concentration in liver, bile duct, and bone, elevated levels indicate conditions such as hepatitis, liver cancer, or bile duct obstruction
- Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT): an enzyme that plays a role in the metabolism of glutathione and transfer of amino acids and peptides across cellular membranes, high levels indicate liver disease
- Bilirubin: a substance produced during the breakdown of red blood cells, high levels may indicate liver damage or disease
- Albumin and Total Protein: albumin is one of the several proteins made in the body, proteins are needed to fight infections, lower than usual levels of albumin and total protein may indicate liver damage
Results Interpretation
- Standard range blood test results for typical liver function tests include:
- ALT: 7-55 units per liter (U/L)
- AST: 8-48 U/L
- ALP: 40-129 U/L
- Albumin: 3.5-5.0 grams per deciliter (g/dL)
- Total Protein: 6.3-7.9 g/dL
- Bilirubin: 0.1-1.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)
- GGT: 8-61 U/L
Diseases Associated with Liver Damage
- Hepatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Liver cancer
- Biliary diseases
Kidney Function Tests (KFTs)
- Also known as renal function tests
- Tests to evaluate kidney health and function
- Assess the kidneys' ability to filter blood, remove waste, and balance electrolytes
Anatomy and Function of the Kidney
- The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine
- They play a critical role in maintaining body's fluid balance, waste removal, and regulation of various physiological processes
Clinical Importance of KFTs
- Assess overall renal function
- Diagnose kidney disease (Acute kidney injury, Chronic kidney injury, Glomerulonephritis)
- Assessment before medication
Components of KFTs
- Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute, normal results range from 90 to 120 ml/min/1.73m²
- Creatinine: from creatine in muscle, released into the bloodstream and filtered out by the kidneys, normal levels: Men: 0.7-1.3 mg/dl, Women: 0.6-1.1 mg/dl
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood, high in impaired renal function, high in protein diets
- Urine Albumin: albumin is a protein usually present in blood, presence of albumin in urine can be one of the earliest signs of kidney damage, normal levels: less than 30 mg of albumin per gram of creatinine in a spot urine sample
Diseases Associated with Kidney Damage
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- Acute kidney injury
- Kidney stones
- Kidney infections
- Kidney cyst
- Kidney cancer
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Description
This quiz covers the functions and importance of the liver in the human body, including its role in metabolism, immunity, and detoxification.
