Human Lip Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of epithelium is found in the stomach part known as the fundus?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium (correct)

Transitional epithelium

Which cells in the fundus secrete hydrochloric acid (HCL)?

Parietal cells (correct)

Gastroendocrine cells

Mucus neck cells

Chief cells

What is the main function of Brunner’s glands found in the duodenum?

Produce alkaline mucus (correct)

Form villi

Secrete digestive enzymes

Secrete gastric acids

Which part of the small intestine contains Peyer patches?

Ileum Signup and view all the answers

How do the goblet cell numbers change across the small intestine?

They increase from duodenum to ileum Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of the colon compared to the small intestine?

Large number of goblet cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue is primarily found in the submucosa of the jejunum?

Dense irregular CT Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is present in the tunica mucosa of the appendix?

Simple columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes the appendix from the small intestine during histological examination?

Presence of significant lymphoid tissue Signup and view all the answers

What type of acini predominates in the parotid gland?

Serous acini Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelial lining is found in the intercalated ducts of the pancreas?

Simple cuboidal epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which gland primarily contains serous acini and is surrounded by a significant amount of adipose tissue?

Parotid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is a key structural feature unique to the liver compared to other glands?

Hexagonal-shaped classic liver lobule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glands is characterized by having both serous and mucus acini, with a predominance of mucus acini?

Sublingual gland Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue accompanies the interlobular ducts in the pancreas?

Thick connective tissue capsule Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the nasal cavity lacks goblet cells and is associated with olfactory functions?

Olfactory epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle fibers are absent in the gall bladder compared to the urinary bladder?

Muscularis mucosae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the islets of Langerhans found in the pancreas?

Regulate blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the kidney contains the renal corpuscles and proximal tubules?

Cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is characterized by having both simple cuboidal epithelium lining and a branch of pulmonary artery?

Respiratory bronchiole Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium lines the ductus epididymis?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell in the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis secretes growth hormone (GH)?

Acidophils Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for the secretion of calcitonin?

Parafollicular cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the muscularis layer of the vas deferens?

Inner longitudinal, middle circular, and outer longitudinal layers Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the structure of the seminal vesicle?

Contains a thin highly folded mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are predominantly found in the adrenal medulla?

Chromaffin cells Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the female reproductive system is responsible for the movement of the oocyte?

Oviduct Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the endometrium is primarily shed during menstruation?

Functionalis layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary type of epithelium found in the thyroid follicles?

Simple cuboidal epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the corpus spongiosum of the penis?

Urothelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the cervical glands and assists in sperm movement?

Simple columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for holding trapped mucus in the cervix?

Cysts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinguishing feature of thick skin compared to thin skin?

Thick stratum corneum Signup and view all the answers

What describes the active mammary gland?

Composed predominantly of glandular alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle layers are found in the muscularis layer of the vagina?

Inner longitudinal and outer circular layers of smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the inner layer of the human lip?

Stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which papillae of the tongue contain no taste buds?

Filliform papillae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gastro-esophageal junction?

Prevent stomach acid reflux Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the human esophagus contains skeletal muscle at its top?

Tunica muscularis Signup and view all the answers

Where are the vallate papillae located on the tongue?

At the posterior part of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What type of glands are found in the tunica submucosa of the esophagus?

Exocrine glands of mucus type Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the orbicularis oris muscle?

Enables the movement of the lips Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is found on the dorsal surface of the tongue?

Thick keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Human Lip

Inner layer consists of mucosa with stratified squamous epithelium and lamina propria; contains labial glands.
External layer is keratinized skin with hair follicles, sweat, and sebaceous glands.
The middle layer features orbicularis oris muscle with visible skeletal muscle fibers.
Vermillion zone is thin, lightly keratinized, rich in blood vessels contributing to its red color, and lacks sweat and sebaceous glands.

The Tongue

Composed of striated skeletal muscle; has dorsal and ventral surfaces.
Ventral surface lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and lingual glands.
Dorsal surface features thick keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and dense connective tissue.

Papillae on the Tongue

Filliform Papillae: Conical or fire-shaped, keratinized epithelium, no taste buds; ensures rough surface for food movement.
Foliate Papillae: Located anterior to sulcus terminalis, contains taste buds; lined by stratified squamous epithelium.
Fungiform Papillae: Mushroom-shaped; non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; contains taste buds and is well vascularized.
Vallate Papillae: Largest papillae with over half of the taste buds on the tongue; contains Von Ebner's glands.

The Human Esophagus

Tunica mucosa has stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.
Tunica submucosa contains esophageal glands and ducts lined by cuboidal or stratified squamous epithelium.
Tunica muscularis consists of skeletal muscle at the top, mixed muscle in the middle, and smooth muscle at the end.
Adventitia composed of connective tissue; unique in having submucosal glands in the gastrointestinal tract.

Gastro-Esophageal Junction

Transition from esophagus to stomach prevents stomach acid reflux; esophagus features stratified squamous epithelium, stomach has simple columnar epithelium with gastric pits.

Fundus of the Stomach

Mucosa is simple columnar epithelium with gastric pits containing chief, parietal, mucus neck, and stem cells.
Submucosa is primarily fat and lymphatic vessels.
Muscularis externa has three layers: inner oblique, middle circular, and outer longitudinal.

Cells of the Fundus

Parietal cells: Secrete HCl for protein digestion; appear pink.
Chief cells: Produce digestive proteins; appear purple.
Endocrine cells: Secrete hormones like serotonin and gastrin; appear red/dark pink.
Stem cells: Responsible for regeneration; epithelial cells secrete protective mucus.

Small Intestine

Duodenum

Tunica mucosa lined with simple columnar epithelium and microvilli; features Brunner's glands which secrete alkaline mucus.
Tunica submucosa contains blood vessels and lymphatics.
Unique for having only part of small intestine with Brunner's glands.

Jejunum

Tunica mucosa has simple columnar epithelium with microvilli and is devoid of Brunner's glands; comprises crypts of Lieberkühn.
Tunica submucosa is dense irregular connective tissue with blood vessels.

Ileum

Similar to jejunum but characterized by decreased villi number and the presence of Peyer's patches for immunity.

Large Intestine

Tunica mucosa consists of simple columnar epithelium with numerous goblet cells; does not form folds of villi.
Tunica muscularis comprises longitudinal and circular smooth muscle fibers.

Appendix

Tunica mucosa features simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells and lymphoid tissue; contains crypts of Lieberkühn.
Lacks villi but resembles small intestine in some structural aspects.

Secretory Ducts

Serous Acini: Dark purple cytoplasm; contains secretory granules.
Mucus Acini: Light/pale cytoplasm with flattened nuclei; hemmed by a crescent of serous cells (demilunes).

Salivary Glands

Parotid Gland: Mainly serous acini with high adipose content.
Submandibular Gland: Mostly serous with some mucus acini.
Sublingual Gland: Primarily mucus acini with some serous cells.

Pancreas

Contains islets of Langerhans, responsible for hormone secretion; has serous acini with Centroacini cells.
Distinguishable from parotid gland by the presence of islets and lack of striated ducts.

Liver

Synthesizes bile; structured in classic liver lobules with a central vein and portal triads.

Gall Bladder

Stores bile; tunica mucosa lacks muscularis mucosae and submucosa.

Respiratory System

Nasal Cavity

Respiratory part lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, mucus glands, and blood vessels.
Olfactory part features olfactory neurons and supports structures with Bowman's glands; lacks goblet cells.

Trachea

Tunica mucosa: ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium; tunica submucosa: tracheal glands.
Fibrocartilaginous membrane and adventitia support the structure.

Lungs

Composed of interlobular bronchi, terminal and respiratory bronchioles; alveoli are lined with simple squamous epithelium.

Urinary System

Kidney: Cortex contains renal corpuscles and proximal tubules with brush borders; medulla consists of loops of Henle.
Ureter: Transitional epithelium with muscular layers for urine transport.
Urinary Bladder: Transitional epithelium, has a three-layered muscular wall.

Male Reproductive System

Testis

Contains seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells; Sertoli cells provide support to developing sperm.

Epididymis

Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium; has a ductus efferens leading to ductus epididymidis.

Hormone-Secreting Glands

Pituitary Gland

Divided into pars distalis (adenohypophysis) with chromophobes and chromophils, and pars nervosa (neurohypophysis) containing pituicytes.
Secretes various hormones including ADH and oxytocin carried to pars nervosa.

Thyroid Gland

Synthesizes T3 and T4; structured by follicles filled with colloid and lined by simple cuboidal epithelium.

Adrenal Glands

Divided into cortex (with zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis) and medulla (chromaffin cells).

Ovary

Surrounded by germinal epithelium; contains distinct follicle stages from primordial to mature follicles.

Oviduct

Mucosa features simple columnar epithelium with mucosal folds, known as fibrilla.
Contains ciliated cells, which facilitate movement, and peg cells that secrete nutrients essential for oocyte survival.
Fimbriae (mucosal folds) decrease in number towards the uterus.
Lamina propria present within the epithelium.
Muscularis consists of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers.
Serosa is lined by mesothelium (simple cuboidal epithelium).
Anatomical progression: Uterus → Isthmus → Ampulla → Infundibulum.
Ampulla contains the greatest number of mucosal folds.

Uterus

Uterine wall consists of three main layers:
- Endometrium (mucosa):
  - Composed of simple columnar epithelium that is partially ciliated.
  - Houses uterine glands that produce substances critical for human development.
  - Functionalis layer undergoes shedding during menstruation; changes throughout the menstrual cycle.
  - Basalis layer remains relatively unchanged.
- Myometrium:
  - Comprised of four layers of smooth muscle: longitudinal, circular, oblique, and another longitudinal layer.
- Perimetrium:
  - Functions as serosa or adventitia lining.

Cervix

Endocervix:
- Contains ciliated simple columnar epithelium.
- Cervical glands secrete mucus to aid sperm movement.
Ectocervix (external os):
- Comprised of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium.
- Contains mucus-holding cysts.
Cervical wall is rich in collagen, elastic fibers, and has dense connective tissue with minimal muscle fibers.

Vagina

Mucosa features stratified squamous epithelium with multiple folds (rugae).
Contains stored glycogen in epithelial layers.
Muscularis layer has inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers.
Adventitia includes inner dense and outer loose connective tissue.

Hairy Skin

Thin skin with stratified squamous keratinized epidermis.
Stratum Basale: innermost layer, thin, and heavily pigmented due to melanocytes.
Dermis is divided into papillary and reticular layers containing hair follicles and sebaceous glands lined by simple cuboidal epithelium.
Eccrine sweat glands are also present with simple cuboidal epithelium in ducts.
Hypodermis includes hair bulbs and adipose tissue.

Hairless Skin/Thick Skin

Epidermis presents as stratified squamous keratinized, with a thick stratum corneum.
Dermis consists of papillary and reticular layers.
Contains eccrine sweat glands and Pacinian corpuscles with fluid.
Hypodermis contains adipose tissue and blood vessels.

Apocrine and Eccrine Sweat Glands

Both types are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and include myoepithelial cells.
Eccrine Glands:
- Merocrine secretion with a narrow lumen.
- Composed of dark and light cells alongside myoepithelial cells; secretory part is located within the gland.
Apocrine Glands:
- Apocrine secretion with a larger lumen.

Hair Root

Structure includes hair medulla, cortex, and cuticle.
Inner layers:
- Cuticle, granular epithelium (Huxley's layer), and epithelium stratum lucidium (Henle's layer).
Additional structures: external epithelial hair root sheath, basement membrane, and connective tissue sheath.

Active Mammary Gland

Classified as a tubulo-alveolar gland with minimal connective tissue.
Composed of numerous large glandular alveoli lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and myoepithelial cells.
Glandular alveoli contain drops of milk.

Inactive Mammary Gland

Also a tubulo-alveolar gland featuring interlobular connective tissue that partitions it into lobules and includes adipose tissue.
Each lobule comprises interlobular ducts and glandular alveoli, both lined by simple cuboidal epithelium, with myoepithelial cells located at the periphery.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the human lip, including its inner layers, outer layers, and associated structures. This quiz covers essential features such as the mucosa, labial glands, and the orbicularis oris muscle. Enhance your understanding of the lip's unique characteristics and functions.