Human Life Span Development Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the 6 substages of the sensorimotor stage?

  • Preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, pre-formal operational, post-formal operational, and abstract thought
  • Reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, coordination of secondary circular reactions, tertiary circular reactions, and invention of new means through mental combinations (correct)
  • Diffusion, moratorium, foreclosure, identity achievement
  • Trust v mistrust, autonomy v shame/doubt, initiative v guilt, industry v inferiority, identity v role confusion, intimacy v isolation, generativity v stagnation; integrity v despair

    • The ______ is the part of personality that represents our internalized moral compass.

    superego

    Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through stages of cognitive development in a fixed order, without skipping any stages.

    True

    Match each theorist with their respective theory or concept:

    <p>Piaget = Cognitive Development Vygotsky = Zone of Proximal Development Erikson = Psychosocial Development Freud = Psychoanalytic Theory Kohlberg = Moral Development Gilligan = Care Perspective in Morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main types of attachment styles?

    <p>Secure, avoidant, and resistant-ambivalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the five factors in the 'Big Five' model of personality.

    <p>Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The frontal lobe of the brain is fully developed at birth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these are examples of physical milestones in early development?

    <p>Crawling, sitting up, standing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the age at which a fetus is considered viable, meaning it can potentially survive outside the womb?

    <p>Age of Viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nature/ nurture debate is concerned with the relative contributions of genetics and environmental factors in human development.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Teratogens are environmental agents that can negatively impact fetal ______ during prenatal development.

    <p>development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the APA paper format?

    <p>To provide a standardized structure for presenting research findings in a clear, concise, and organized manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of research study involves collecting data from the same individuals over a period of time?

    <p>Longitudinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a blind study and a double-blind study?

    <p>In a blind study, either the participants or the researchers are unaware of the treatment conditions; in a double-blind study, both participants and researchers are unaware of the treatment conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a part of an experiment?

    <p>Qualitative data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Informed consent is a key ethical principle in research, ensuring that participants understand the risks and benefits of participating in a study.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is metacognition?

    <p>Metacognition is the awareness and understanding of one's own thinking processes and cognitive abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

    <p>Autonomous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of 'egocentrism' in Piaget's theory refers to the child's ability to see things from other people's perspectives.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the limbic system in the brain?

    <p>The limbic system is responsible for regulating emotions, motivation, and memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Noam Chomsky proposed the concept of the ______, which reflects the innate capacity for language development in humans.

    <p>Language Acquisition Device (LAD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a stage of psychosocial development according to Erikson?

    <p>Autonomy v Shame and Doubt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'semenarche' refers to the onset of menstruation in females.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a 'dominant gene' and a 'recessive gene'?

    <p>A dominant gene expresses its trait even if only one copy is present, whereas a recessive gene only expresses its trait if two copies are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a common teratogen?

    <p>Sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of ______ involves the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells.

    <p>mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'proximodistal' refers to the developmental progression from the head to the toes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the term 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD) as proposed by Vygotsky?

    <p>The ZPD represents the optimal learning zone where a child can achieve tasks with the help of a more knowledgeable other, exceeding what they could achieve independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a type of research study?

    <p>Anecdotal evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A double-blind study is where neither the researcher nor the participant knows who is receiving the treatment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between 'formal thought' and 'abstract thought'?

    <p>Formal thought is characterized by the ability to reason logically and systematically about abstract concepts, while abstract thought involves considering possibilities and exploring hypothetical situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each type of attachment style with its corresponding characteristic:

    <p>Secure Attachment = A child feels safe and secure in the presence of their caregiver, seeking comfort when distressed. Avoidant Attachment = A child avoids seeking proximity to their caregiver and appears independent, showing little emotional response to separation. Resistant-Ambivalent Attachment = A child is clingy and anxious around their caregiver, often showing distress both during separation and upon reunion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Temperament is a relatively stable aspect of an individual's personality that is largely influenced by environmental factors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four identity statuses proposed by Marcia?

    <p>Diffusion, moratorium, foreclosure, and identity achievement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key developmental stage during the prenatal period?

    <p>Infancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of ______ involves the fusion of male and female gametes.

    <p>fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of 'object permanence' refers to the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the 'ego ideal' in Freud's theory of personality?

    <p>The ego ideal represents a set of moral and ethical standards that the individual strives to achieve, serving as a source of pride and motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'concrete operational' stage in Piaget's theory is characterized by the child's ability to think abstractly and hypothetically.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these terms is NOT associated with the concept of intelligence?

    <p>Ego ideal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of ______ refers to the gradual shift in the body's center of gravity from the head to the feet.

    <p>cephalocaudal development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 'case study' is a research method that involves collecting detailed information about a single individual or a small group.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study?

    <p>A longitudinal study tracks the same individuals over a period of time, while a cross-sectional study compares different groups of individuals at a single point in time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a type of research design?

    <p>Anecdotal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'preoperational stage' in Piaget's theory is characterized by the child's ability to engage in deductive reasoning.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key features of the 'conventional' stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

    <p>The conventional stage is characterized by a focus on maintaining social order and fulfilling one's social roles, with morality based on societal norms and expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ______ is a factor that can be manipulated in an experiment.

    <p>variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'tertiary circular reactions' stage in Piaget's sensorimotor stage is characterized by the child's ability to imitate and repeat actions they have observed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between 'assimilation' and 'accommodation' in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

    <p>Assimilation involves incorporating new information into existing schemas, whereas accommodation involves modifying or creating new schemas to fit new information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a key stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

    <p>Social-emotional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Life Span Development

    • Definition of Human Life Span Development: Not provided.
    • Nature/Nurture Debate: Not provided.
    • Research:
      • Includes theory and hypothesis.
      • APA paper parts: introduction, methods, results, discussion, abstract.
      • Research types: case studies, tests, observations, surveys, correlations (correlation coefficient), longitudinal, cross-sectional, cross-sequential, experiments.
      • Experiment components: independent variable (IV), dependent variable (DV), population, sample, random selection/assignment, control group, double-blind study, blind study.
      • Ethical guidelines and informed consent.
    • Prenatal Development:
      • Chromosomes (eggs, sperm, normal cells, mitosis, meiosis, sex chromosomes for males and females).
      • Gametes, blastocyst, dominant/recessive genes.
      • Germinal, embryonic, fetal stages.
      • Age of viability, organogenesis, sexual differentiation.
      • Teratogens.
    • Cognition:
      • Piaget's stages: disequilibrium/schema, assimilation/accommodation (sensorimotor, object permanence, preoperational, egocentrism, animism, centration, concrete operations, conservation, formal thought, abstract thought).
      • Post-formal thought.
      • Vygotsky's theory: scaffolding, zone of proximal development.
      • Metacognition: awareness of one's own thoughts.
    • Physical Development:
      • Physical milestones: head up (2 months), sit up (6 months), crawl (8 months), stand (12 months).
      • Cephalocaudal/proximodistal development.
      • Vision at birth (20/240), color vision (4 months), intermodal integration.
      • Gross motor skills (head up at 2 months), fine motor skills (pincer grasp at 8 months).
      • Menarche/semenarche.
    • Sex/Gender:
      • Frontal lobe growth, limbic system growth in adolescence.
      • Risk-taking behaviors, increased emotionality in adolescence.
    • Language:
      • Noam Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device (LAD).
      • Language development stages: crying, cooing, babbling, one-word stage, holophrase, telegraphic speech.
    • Attachment:
      • Attachment styles (secure, resistant-ambivalent, avoidant).
      • Separation anxiety/stranger anxiety.
      • Adult attachment styles and their impact on child attachment styles (secure, dismissing, preoccupied).
    • Morality:
      • Kohlberg's stages of moral development (preconventional, conventional, postconventional) and substages.
      • Gilligan's morality theory (care perspective, justice perspective).
      • Piaget's theory (premoral, heteronomous, autonomous).
      • Freud's theory (phallic stage, superego development, ego ideal, conscience).
      • Conduct disorder/juvenile delinquency.
    • Personality:
      • Big Five personality traits (OCEAN).
      • Erikson's 8 stages of psychosocial development (trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame/doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, integrity vs. despair).
      • Freud's theory (id, ego, superego, oral fixation, anal fixation, anal retentive, phallic (Oedipal/Electra complex), latency, genital).
      • Marcia's identity statuses (diffusion, moratorium, foreclosure, identity achievement).
      • Temperament (easy, difficult, slow-to-warm).
    • Intelligence:
      • Ranges of intelligence (profound ID, severe ID, moderate ID, mild ID, below average, average, above average, gifted/genius).

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    Human Life Span Development Final Exam Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Explore the complexities of human life span development in this quiz. Learn about prenatal stages, the nature/nurture debate, and various research methodologies used to study development. Understand key concepts such as ethical guidelines, experimental design, and cognitive theories.

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