Human Language vs Animal Communication

<p>Wernicke's area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased activity in areas relating to emotion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goldin-Meadow &amp; Mylander, 1998 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language acquisition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observational studies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nine new words (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bonobos (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attention and planning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By associating sounds with objects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language ability is not the same as overall intelligence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Responding to commands issued over earphones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children must begin with preconceptions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Take the vacuum cleaner outside (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wernicke's aphasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frontal cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most children learn language even without parents teaching them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulties in language production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inherent brain specializations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic predisposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serious language impairment occurs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around six months old (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilingual children have a smaller vocabulary than monolinguals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often use context to derive meaning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilingualism enhances attention control. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often think in terms of both languages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They experience confusion in noun number or verb tense. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Units of meaning in language (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They express confusion over its ambiguity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The size of the effect bilingualism has on attention control. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are units of sound. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilinguals typically have a larger vocabulary across languages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to years of practice and exposure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of practice since childhood. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Morphemes in food labeling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expert reading leads to better pattern recognition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phonemes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A high frequency of familiar vocabulary. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Looking at the whole word (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A syllable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Word-superiority effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COIN (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each character represents a syllable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonsense combinations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Finding letters of the alphabet on billboards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whole word recognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Language skills are independent of overall intelligence, meaning a person can be good at language but not overall intelligent.

Children learn an average of 9 new words per day from 1.5 to 6 years old.

Bonobos demonstrate better spoken English comprehension and follow unusual commands.

Children must figure out the meaning of words from context and cues.

Initial assumptions or ideas that children use to help understand language.

The innate capacity, according to Chomsky, for humans to learn language.

Describes cues in the environment that can influence animal (and human) performance, especially if the observer unknowingly gives a cue.

Bonobos display greater abilities to learn language compared to chimpanzees due to their perceived higher predisposition for learning.

The process of developing language skills.

Learning through watching and copying others.

Deaf children create their own sign language.

Children learn intricate sentences, such as a complex question.

Emotional stories trigger activity in brain regions related to emotion.

Language impairment due to damage in Wernicke's Area.

Brain region crucial for language understanding.

Bonobos start language learning at a young age

Knowing another language allows communication with a broader range of people.

Children learning two languages take longer to master them compared to learning just one.

Bilingual children may have a smaller vocabulary than monolingual peers.

Bilingual individuals are better at managing their attention.

Bilingual people often take longer to find the right word than monolingual individuals.

Listeners use context to understand the meaning of ambiguous sentences.

Sentences can have multiple meanings depending on the context.

The Malay language uses one word for 'you and I' and 'someone else and I,' creating ambiguity in English translation.

A language impairment affecting the ability to produce language. It's caused by damage to Broca's area in the frontal cortex of the brain.

An area in frontal lobe of the left hemisphere of the human brain crucial for language production.

A natural inclination or ability to learn language easily, often suggested to explain how easily children acquire language.

The process of creating and expressing language, whether spoken or written.

The process of understanding written and spoken language.

Damage to specific areas in the brain, typically the left hemisphere, can severely impair language abilities

Children acquire language skills at varying but predicable rates.

The smallest unit of meaning in a language. It can be a word or a part of a word.

The smallest unit of sound in a language. It's a distinct sound that can change the meaning of a word.

The ability to identify words quickly and accurately, developed through years of reading practice.

Word recognition expertise develops over time with consistent reading practice, allowing individuals to recognize patterns in words and read faster.

Morphemes allow us to break down words into meaningful parts, making it easier to understand their meaning and structure.

Morphemes represent individual units of meaning within words, helping us decipher the overall meaning of the word.

Morphemes represent meaning, while phonemes represent sound. One morpheme can be made of several phonemes, which are the individual sounds that make up a word.

By understanding these basic units, we can break down words into their building blocks, making it easier to learn new words, read, and even understand different languages.

The ability to recognize letters more easily when they are part of a real word compared to a random string of letters.

A unit of pronunciation that consists of a single vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants.

A Japanese syllabary, meaning each character represents a syllable.

Characters in Chinese writing that typically represent a morpheme (meaningful unit) and often a whole word.

The word superiority effect highlights the brain's ability to process information holistically and use context to improve perception.

In many languages, a letter or combination of letters represents a single phoneme (sound), but this doesn't always hold true.