Human Kidney Overview
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the kidney?

  • To maintain the correct level of water and electrolytes in the blood (correct)
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To produce hormones and other essential biomolecules
  • To store food and nutrients

    • Where are the kidneys located in the human body?

  • In the abdominal cavity
  • Behind the liver and closer to the back (correct)
  • On either side of the heart
  • In the pelvic region

    • What is the outer part of the kidney called?

  • Renal cortex (correct)
  • Nephron
  • Kidney capsule
  • Renal medulla

    • What is the term for the functional units within the kidney?

    <p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the middle part of the kidney called?

    <p>Renal medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many kidneys do most humans have?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another important function of the kidney besides excreting waste?

    <p>Maintaining blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prefix 'renal' related to?

    <p>Kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional unit of the kidney?

    <p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

    <p>To filter waste and excess fluids from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the direction of blood flow in the afferent arteriole?

    <p>Towards the center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the space where the filtered fluid collects in the nephron?

    <p>Bowman's space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of nephrons in a typical kidney?

    <p>1 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of fluid that gets squeezed out as filtrate?

    <p>One-fifth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood is present in the afferent arteriole?

    <p>Oxygenated arterial blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the podocytes in the glomerulus?

    <p>To selectively filter out certain substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules get filtered into the Bowman's capsule?

    <p>Micromolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure where the filtrate is formed?

    <p>Bowman's capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that surrounds the glomerulus?

    <p>Bowman's capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the fluid that is filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus?

    <p>It enters the Bowman's space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the proximal tubule?

    <p>To reabsorb useful substances back into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the type of tube that the filtrate passes through after the Bowman's capsule?

    <p>Proximal tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the glomerulus able to filter out waste and excess fluids from the blood?

    <p>Because of its porous structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of reabsorbing substances back into the blood?

    <p>Reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of energy is used to pump out sodium in the proximal tubule?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cell type that lines the inside of the Bowman's capsule?

    <p>Podocyte cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fluid that forms in the Bowman's capsule?

    <p>Filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the Bowman's capsule in the nephron?

    <p>Beginning of the nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the proximal tubule?

    <p>To reabsorb essential nutrients and ions back into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the capillary system located near the proximal tubule?

    <p>To reabsorb water and ions back into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for reabsorbing sodium and glucose in the proximal tubule?

    <p>To prevent excessive water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the loop of Henle in the nephron?

    <p>To make the renal medulla salty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the ascending part of the loop of Henle pump out salts?

    <p>To make the renal medulla hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to water as it flows down the descending part of the loop of Henle?

    <p>It leaves the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't biological systems use ATP to actively pump out water?

    <p>Because proteins can't operate on water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the loop of Henle making the renal medulla salty?

    <p>Water is reabsorbed back into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the loop of Henle in water reabsorption?

    <p>It helps in reabsorbing water back into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the loop of Henle in the nephron?

    <p>At the border of the cortex and medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the loop of Henle?

    <p>To reabsorb water and essential nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the filtrate in the distal convoluted tubule?

    <p>More water is reabsorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the collecting duct?

    <p>To collect waste products from multiple nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the collecting duct passes through the medulla?

    <p>More water leaves the filtrate due to the salty environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone regulates the permeability of the collecting duct?

    <p>Anti-diuretic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of the nephron?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of reabsorbing essential nutrients back into the bloodstream?

    <p>Reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the filtrate become more concentrated in the collecting duct?

    <p>More water is reabsorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the part of the nephron where the filtrate first enters?

    <p>Bowman's capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the distal convoluted tubule's proximity to the Bowman's capsule?

    <p>It allows for more efficient reabsorption of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Kidney Overview

    • The kidney is an organ that helps excrete waste, maintain water levels, and regulate electrolytes and blood pressure.
    • It also produces hormones and maintains overall bodily functions.
    • Each person has two kidneys, located near the spine, behind the liver.

    Kidney Structure

    • The kidney has two main parts: the renal cortex (outer layer) and the renal medulla (middle layer).
    • The renal cortex is the outer layer, and the renal medulla is the middle layer.

    Nephron Function

    • The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.
    • Each kidney has approximately one million nephrons.
    • The nephron filters blood and regulates water levels in the body.

    Blood Flow in the Nephron

    • Blood enters the nephron through an afferent arteriole.
    • It then flows into the glomerulus, a porous structure that filters fluid and small molecules from the blood.
    • The filtered fluid, called filtrate, enters the Bowman's space.
    • The remaining blood leaves the glomerulus through an efferent arteriole.

    Filtrate Formation

    • The filtrate is formed when fluid and small molecules are filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus.
    • This process is aided by podocytes, specialized cells that line the Bowman's capsule.
    • The filtrate contains small ions, glucose, and amino acids.

    Proximal Tubule

    • The filtrate enters the proximal tubule, a winding tube that reabsorbs necessary substances back into the blood.
    • The proximal tubule has a convoluted part and a straight part.
    • Cells lining the proximal tubule actively reabsorb substances like glucose, sodium, and amino acids using ATP.

    Loop of Henle

    • The filtrate then enters the loop of Henle, a U-shaped tube that dips into the renal medulla.
    • The loop of Henle is responsible for reabsorbing water and making the medulla salty.
    • The ascending part of the loop of Henle actively pumps out salts, making the medulla hypertonic.
    • The descending part of the loop of Henle is permeable only to water, which leaves the filtrate due to osmosis.

    Distal Convoluted Tubule

    • The filtrate then enters the distal convoluted tubule, where more reabsorption occurs.
    • Calcium and sodium are reabsorbed, and more water is removed from the filtrate.

    Collecting Duct

    • The processed filtrate enters the collecting duct, where it becomes concentrated urine.
    • The collecting duct passes through the renal medulla again, where anti-diuretic hormone can control water reabsorption, making the urine even more concentrated.
    • The urine then leaves the kidney and enters the ureters, eventually reaching the urinary bladder.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Learn about the functions, structure, and components of the human kidney, including its role in excretion, electrolyte regulation, and hormone production.

    More Like This

    Anatomy of the Kidneys: Renal Medulla and Cortex
    38 questions

    Anatomy of the Kidneys: Renal Medulla and Cortex

    RespectfulGingko avatar
    RespectfulGingko
    Anatomy of the Kidney
    38 questions

    Anatomy of the Kidney

    CredibleHawthorn avatar
    CredibleHawthorn
    Anatomy of the Kidney
    8 questions

    Anatomy of the Kidney

    HonoredCesium avatar
    HonoredCesium
    Pathology Respiratory System
    30 questions

    Pathology Respiratory System

    QuieterSuccess avatar
    QuieterSuccess
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser