Human Histology: Nervous Tissue Overview

Study Notes

Histology is the study of microscopic tissue structure, providing insights into cell and tissue functions and pathology.
Crucial for diagnosing diseases by identifying normal tissue architecture and abnormalities, such as inflammation or cancer.

Epithelial Tissue:
- Types include Simple, Stratified, Pseudostratified, and Transitional.
- Functions: Protection, Secretion, Absorption, and Filtration.
Connective Tissue:
- Types include Loose, Dense, Cartilage, Bone, and Blood.
- Functions: Provides support, stores energy, and transports materials (e.g., vitamins and minerals).
Muscle Tissue:
- Types include Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth.
- Functions: Responsible for Movement, Posture, and Heat production.
Nervous Tissue:
- Composed of Neurons and Neuroglia; coordinates and controls body activities.

General Histology: Study of the structure and function of tissues.
Special Histology: Focuses on microscopic structures of organs (e.g., heart, digestive system).
Pathological Histology: Examines diseased tissues.

Neurons: Primary functional units that transmit electrical signals and process information.
Neuroglia (Glial Cells): Supportive cells that maintain the neuronal environment, providing protection and nutrients.

Dendrites: Branch-like structures that receive signals from other neurons.
Axon: Long projection that transmits impulses away from the neuron to other neurons or effector cells.

Astrocytes:
- Provide structural support, regulate blood flow, maintain the blood-brain barrier, and support the chemical environment for neurons.
Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann Cells (PNS):
- Produce myelin sheath, insulating axons and enhancing signal transmission speed.
Microglia:
- Act as the immune cells of the central nervous system, protecting against pathogens and debris.