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Questions and Answers
What is the primary symptom of varicella (chicken pox) in children?
What is the primary symptom of varicella (chicken pox) in children?
What complication can arise from shingles affecting the facial nerve?
What complication can arise from shingles affecting the facial nerve?
Which virus is primarily responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease?
Which virus is primarily responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease?
During what season is herpangina most likely to occur?
During what season is herpangina most likely to occur?
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Which symptom is commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) when it causes infectious mononucleosis?
Which symptom is commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) when it causes infectious mononucleosis?
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What is a key difference between the rash of chicken pox and shingles?
What is a key difference between the rash of chicken pox and shingles?
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What is a common method of transmission for hand, foot, and mouth disease?
What is a common method of transmission for hand, foot, and mouth disease?
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Upon contracting the Epstein-Barr virus, what is the subsequent state of the virus in most individuals?
Upon contracting the Epstein-Barr virus, what is the subsequent state of the virus in most individuals?
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Which symptom is NOT characteristic of herpangina?
Which symptom is NOT characteristic of herpangina?
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Which disease is NOT caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)?
Which disease is NOT caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)?
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What is a common complication of measles that can occur during pregnancy?
What is a common complication of measles that can occur during pregnancy?
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Which symptom is commonly associated with mumps?
Which symptom is commonly associated with mumps?
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What is the main route of transmission for measles?
What is the main route of transmission for measles?
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What is a potential complication of herpes simplex virus infection?
What is a potential complication of herpes simplex virus infection?
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How can herpes labialis be effectively managed in terms of isolation practices?
How can herpes labialis be effectively managed in terms of isolation practices?
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Which of the following factors can trigger a secondary herpes outbreak?
Which of the following factors can trigger a secondary herpes outbreak?
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What can occur if mumps is contracted after puberty for males?
What can occur if mumps is contracted after puberty for males?
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What is the primary characteristic of measles that can help with its identification?
What is the primary characteristic of measles that can help with its identification?
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Flashcards
Glandular Fever
Glandular Fever
An infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), usually during childhood. Known for causing glandular fever, with symptoms like swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and sore throat.
Measles
Measles
A potentially fatal viral infection that causes characteristic red spots to appear on the skin and can lead to serious complications like pneumonia and encephalitis.
Mumps
Mumps
An illness that causes swollen salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands, leading to painful swelling in the cheeks.
Paramyxoviridae
Paramyxoviridae
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Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1)
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1)
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Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2)
Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2)
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Herpes Labialis (Cold Sore)
Herpes Labialis (Cold Sore)
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Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
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Primary Herpes Infection
Primary Herpes Infection
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Secondary Herpes Infection
Secondary Herpes Infection
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VZV Latency
VZV Latency
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Chickenpox
Chickenpox
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Shingles
Shingles
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Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
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Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
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Herpangina
Herpangina
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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
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EBV Latency
EBV Latency
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Study Notes
Varicella-Zoster Virus (Human Herpesvirus 3)
- Varicella-zoster virus remains dormant in the dorsal root ganglia.
- Chickenpox (varicella) affects children, and shingles (herpes zoster) affects adults.
- Chickenpox is typically mild and self-limiting in children.
- Chickenpox in adults can be more serious.
- Incubation period: 2 weeks.
- Symptoms include fever and a characteristic rash of papules that develop into itchy vesicles.
- Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a rare complication of shingles affecting the facial nerve, causing facial paralysis and a rash on the ear.
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
- Primarily caused by group A coxsackieviruses.
- Symptoms include malaise and skin lesions (spots) on the hands, feet, and sometimes buttocks or groin.
- Spread by airborne droplets, coughing, fecal-oral contact, and contaminated objects.
- Common in nurseries and daycares.
- Self-limiting; no specific treatment.
Herpangina
- Caused by coxsackie A viruses.
- Characterized by painful vesicles in the mouth.
- Usually self-limiting, common in summer.
- Spread by fecal-oral route or airborne droplets.
- Symptoms: malaise and sore throat.
Epstein-Barr Virus (Human Herpesvirus 4)
- Common infection in childhood, often asymptomatic.
- In adolescents/young adults, can cause infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever).
- Remains latent in B-lymphocytes.
- Humans are the only known host.
- Associated diseases include glandular fever, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and oral hairy leukoplakia.
Paramyxoviridae (Mumps)
- Primarily a childhood illness.
- Characterized by parotitis (inflammation of the parotid glands).
- Painful swelling of the salivary glands.
- Potential complications (especially in post-pubescent individuals):
- Orchitis (inflammation of testicles) in males.
- Oopharitis (inflammation of ovaries) in females.
- Temporary hearing loss.
- Viral meningitis.
- Acute pancreatitis.
Measles (Rubeola Virus)
- Highly contagious, transmitted through air droplets and contaminated surfaces.
- Characterized by a distinctive rash (exanthem).
- Enters through the respiratory tract.
- Associated symptoms: fever, headache, sore throat, and Koplik's spots.
- Serious complications include:
- Pregnancy complications (stillbirth, miscarriage).
- Vision loss.
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (rare, fatal brain complication).
- Seizures.
- Encephalitis.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1): Typically causes oral/facial lesions.
- Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2): Usually causes genital lesions.
- Primary infection can manifest as:
- Primary oral herpes (gingivostomatitis).
- Genital herpes.
- Herpetic whitlow.
- Herpes encephalitis.
- Secondary herpes outbreaks can be triggered by:
- Stress.
- Trauma.
- Sunlight.
- Menstruation.
- Immunosuppression.
- Fatigue.
- Herpes labialis (cold sores) are a common presentation of HSV-1.
General Recommendations for Herpes Infections:
- Isolation: Avoid close contact with others during an outbreak.
- Hygiene: Practice good personal hygiene to prevent transmission (handwashing, use of tissues and clean utensils ).
- Dental care: Dental procedures can increase the risk of cross-infection during an outbreak.
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