Viral Infections of the Oral Cavity Quiz (BMS Learning Outcomes)

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary symptom of varicella (chicken pox) in children?

High fever

Muscle aches

Severe headache

Vesicular rash (correct)

What complication can arise from shingles affecting the facial nerve?

Bilateral facial paralysis

Tinnitus

Loss of smell

Unilateral facial palsy (correct)

Which virus is primarily responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease?

Group A coxsackie viruses (correct)

Herpangina virus

Epstein-Barr virus

Varicella-Zoster virus

During what season is herpangina most likely to occur?

Summer Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) when it causes infectious mononucleosis?

Lymphadenopathy Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the rash of chicken pox and shingles?

Rash in chicken pox is itchy but painless. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method of transmission for hand, foot, and mouth disease?

Airborne droplets Signup and view all the answers

Upon contracting the Epstein-Barr virus, what is the subsequent state of the virus in most individuals?

It stays dormant for life. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT characteristic of herpangina?

High fever Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is NOT caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)?

Mumps Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of measles that can occur during pregnancy?

Stillbirth Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with mumps?

Parotitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main route of transmission for measles?

Air droplets and surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of herpes simplex virus infection?

Encephalitis Signup and view all the answers

How can herpes labialis be effectively managed in terms of isolation practices?

Use a tissue and maintain hand hygiene Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can trigger a secondary herpes outbreak?

Stress and trauma Signup and view all the answers

What can occur if mumps is contracted after puberty for males?

Pain and swelling of testicles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of measles that can help with its identification?

Characteristic exanthematous rash Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Varicella-Zoster Virus (Human Herpesvirus 3)

Varicella-zoster virus remains dormant in the dorsal root ganglia.
Chickenpox (varicella) affects children, and shingles (herpes zoster) affects adults.
Chickenpox is typically mild and self-limiting in children.
Chickenpox in adults can be more serious.
Incubation period: 2 weeks.
Symptoms include fever and a characteristic rash of papules that develop into itchy vesicles.
Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a rare complication of shingles affecting the facial nerve, causing facial paralysis and a rash on the ear.

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Primarily caused by group A coxsackieviruses.
Symptoms include malaise and skin lesions (spots) on the hands, feet, and sometimes buttocks or groin.
Spread by airborne droplets, coughing, fecal-oral contact, and contaminated objects.
Common in nurseries and daycares.
Self-limiting; no specific treatment.

Herpangina

Caused by coxsackie A viruses.
Characterized by painful vesicles in the mouth.
Usually self-limiting, common in summer.
Spread by fecal-oral route or airborne droplets.
Symptoms: malaise and sore throat.

Epstein-Barr Virus (Human Herpesvirus 4)

Common infection in childhood, often asymptomatic.
In adolescents/young adults, can cause infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever).
Remains latent in B-lymphocytes.
Humans are the only known host.
Associated diseases include glandular fever, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and oral hairy leukoplakia.

Paramyxoviridae (Mumps)

Primarily a childhood illness.
Characterized by parotitis (inflammation of the parotid glands).
Painful swelling of the salivary glands.
Potential complications (especially in post-pubescent individuals):
- Orchitis (inflammation of testicles) in males.
- Oopharitis (inflammation of ovaries) in females.
- Temporary hearing loss.
- Viral meningitis.
- Acute pancreatitis.

Measles (Rubeola Virus)

Highly contagious, transmitted through air droplets and contaminated surfaces.
Characterized by a distinctive rash (exanthem).
Enters through the respiratory tract.
Associated symptoms: fever, headache, sore throat, and Koplik's spots.
Serious complications include:
- Pregnancy complications (stillbirth, miscarriage).
- Vision loss.
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (rare, fatal brain complication).
- Seizures.
- Encephalitis.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1): Typically causes oral/facial lesions.
Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2): Usually causes genital lesions.
Primary infection can manifest as:
- Primary oral herpes (gingivostomatitis).
- Genital herpes.
- Herpetic whitlow.
- Herpes encephalitis.
Secondary herpes outbreaks can be triggered by:
- Stress.
- Trauma.
- Sunlight.
- Menstruation.
- Immunosuppression.
- Fatigue.
Herpes labialis (cold sores) are a common presentation of HSV-1.

General Recommendations for Herpes Infections:

Isolation: Avoid close contact with others during an outbreak.
Hygiene: Practice good personal hygiene to prevent transmission (handwashing, use of tissues and clean utensils ).
Dental care: Dental procedures can increase the risk of cross-infection during an outbreak.