Viral Infections of the Oral Cavity Quiz (BMS Learning Outcomes)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary symptom of varicella (chicken pox) in children?

  • High fever
  • Muscle aches
  • Severe headache
  • Vesicular rash (correct)
  • What complication can arise from shingles affecting the facial nerve?

  • Bilateral facial paralysis
  • Tinnitus
  • Loss of smell
  • Unilateral facial palsy (correct)
  • Which virus is primarily responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease?

  • Group A coxsackie viruses (correct)
  • Herpangina virus
  • Epstein-Barr virus
  • Varicella-Zoster virus
  • During what season is herpangina most likely to occur?

    <p>Summer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) when it causes infectious mononucleosis?

    <p>Lymphadenopathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between the rash of chicken pox and shingles?

    <p>Rash in chicken pox is itchy but painless. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method of transmission for hand, foot, and mouth disease?

    <p>Airborne droplets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Upon contracting the Epstein-Barr virus, what is the subsequent state of the virus in most individuals?

    <p>It stays dormant for life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT characteristic of herpangina?

    <p>High fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is NOT caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)?

    <p>Mumps (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of measles that can occur during pregnancy?

    <p>Stillbirth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with mumps?

    <p>Parotitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of transmission for measles?

    <p>Air droplets and surfaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of herpes simplex virus infection?

    <p>Encephalitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can herpes labialis be effectively managed in terms of isolation practices?

    <p>Use a tissue and maintain hand hygiene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can trigger a secondary herpes outbreak?

    <p>Stress and trauma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur if mumps is contracted after puberty for males?

    <p>Pain and swelling of testicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of measles that can help with its identification?

    <p>Characteristic exanthematous rash (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Glandular Fever

    An infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), usually during childhood. Known for causing glandular fever, with symptoms like swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and sore throat.

    Measles

    A potentially fatal viral infection that causes characteristic red spots to appear on the skin and can lead to serious complications like pneumonia and encephalitis.

    Mumps

    An illness that causes swollen salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands, leading to painful swelling in the cheeks.

    Paramyxoviridae

    A group of viruses that includes measles, mumps, and rubella. They are highly contagious and spread through respiratory droplets.

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    Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1)

    An infection caused by a virus that results in cold sores or fever blisters on the lips or mouth. It often reoccurs in response to triggers like stress, sunlight, or illness.

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    Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2)

    A sexually transmitted infection that causes painful blisters or sores in the genital area. Often reoccurs with similar triggers to HSV-1.

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    Herpes Labialis (Cold Sore)

    A common condition caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) that results in painful blisters or sores on or around the lips. These blisters can reappear due to triggers like stress or sunlight.

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    Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)

    A viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), commonly known as chickenpox in children and shingles in adults.

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    Primary Herpes Infection

    The first time an individual is infected with Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1 or HSV-2). This can result in various symptoms depending on the virus and the location of the infection.

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    Secondary Herpes Infection

    Recurrent episodes of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1 or HSV-2) infection. These outbreaks are triggered by various factors like stress, illness, or sunlight.

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    VZV Latency

    A dormant state of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in the dorsal root ganglia, where it can reactivate later in life.

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    Chickenpox

    A highly contagious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), characterized by an itchy rash with fluid-filled blisters, mainly affecting children.

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    Shingles

    A painful, blistering rash that usually affects one area of the body, caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), typically occurring in adults.

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    Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

    A rare complication of shingles affecting the facial nerve, causing a vesicular rash in the ear and facial paralysis.

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    Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

    A common childhood illness caused by Group A Coxsackie viruses, characterized by sores in the mouth, hands, and feet.

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    Herpangina

    A viral infection of the throat caused by Coxsackie A viruses, characterized by painful sores in the back of the throat and fever.

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    Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

    A virus that typically infects individuals in early childhood, often causing infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) in adolescence or young adulthood.

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    EBV Latency

    The inactive state of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in B-lymphocytes, where it can remain dormant for life.

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    Study Notes

    Varicella-Zoster Virus (Human Herpesvirus 3)

    • Varicella-zoster virus remains dormant in the dorsal root ganglia.
    • Chickenpox (varicella) affects children, and shingles (herpes zoster) affects adults.
    • Chickenpox is typically mild and self-limiting in children.
    • Chickenpox in adults can be more serious.
    • Incubation period: 2 weeks.
    • Symptoms include fever and a characteristic rash of papules that develop into itchy vesicles.
    • Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a rare complication of shingles affecting the facial nerve, causing facial paralysis and a rash on the ear.

    Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

    • Primarily caused by group A coxsackieviruses.
    • Symptoms include malaise and skin lesions (spots) on the hands, feet, and sometimes buttocks or groin.
    • Spread by airborne droplets, coughing, fecal-oral contact, and contaminated objects.
    • Common in nurseries and daycares.
    • Self-limiting; no specific treatment.

    Herpangina

    • Caused by coxsackie A viruses.
    • Characterized by painful vesicles in the mouth.
    • Usually self-limiting, common in summer.
    • Spread by fecal-oral route or airborne droplets.
    • Symptoms: malaise and sore throat.

    Epstein-Barr Virus (Human Herpesvirus 4)

    • Common infection in childhood, often asymptomatic.
    • In adolescents/young adults, can cause infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever).
    • Remains latent in B-lymphocytes.
    • Humans are the only known host.
    • Associated diseases include glandular fever, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and oral hairy leukoplakia.

    Paramyxoviridae (Mumps)

    • Primarily a childhood illness.
    • Characterized by parotitis (inflammation of the parotid glands).
    • Painful swelling of the salivary glands.
    • Potential complications (especially in post-pubescent individuals):
      • Orchitis (inflammation of testicles) in males.
      • Oopharitis (inflammation of ovaries) in females.
      • Temporary hearing loss.
      • Viral meningitis.
      • Acute pancreatitis.

    Measles (Rubeola Virus)

    • Highly contagious, transmitted through air droplets and contaminated surfaces.
    • Characterized by a distinctive rash (exanthem).
    • Enters through the respiratory tract.
    • Associated symptoms: fever, headache, sore throat, and Koplik's spots.
    • Serious complications include:
      • Pregnancy complications (stillbirth, miscarriage).
      • Vision loss.
      • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (rare, fatal brain complication).
      • Seizures.
      • Encephalitis.

    Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

    • Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1): Typically causes oral/facial lesions.
    • Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2): Usually causes genital lesions.
    • Primary infection can manifest as:
      • Primary oral herpes (gingivostomatitis).
      • Genital herpes.
      • Herpetic whitlow.
      • Herpes encephalitis.
    • Secondary herpes outbreaks can be triggered by:
      • Stress.
      • Trauma.
      • Sunlight.
      • Menstruation.
      • Immunosuppression.
      • Fatigue.
    • Herpes labialis (cold sores) are a common presentation of HSV-1.

    General Recommendations for Herpes Infections:

    • Isolation: Avoid close contact with others during an outbreak.
    • Hygiene: Practice good personal hygiene to prevent transmission (handwashing, use of tissues and clean utensils ).
    • Dental care: Dental procedures can increase the risk of cross-infection during an outbreak.

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