Human Head and Neck Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a narrow opening between adjacent parts of bones for nerves and vessels?

Meatus

Foramen

Sulcus

Fissure (correct)

Which bone forms the forehead and supplies the upper edge and roof of the orbit?

Occipital Bone

Sphenoid Bone

Parietal Bone

Frontal Bone (correct)

What is the term for a prominent border or ridge on a bone?

Epicondyle

Trochanter

Linea

Crest (correct)

How many bones make up the Cranium?

8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a small rough process on a bone?

Tubercle Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a large rounded prominence on a bone?

Condyle Signup and view all the answers

How many bones make up the Face?

14 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a shallow depression on a bone?

Fossa Signup and view all the answers

What can block the glands and stop the flow of saliva?

Salivary stones Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria can cause sialadenitis?

Staph or strep bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which age groups are most likely to develop sialadenitis?

Older adults and infants Signup and view all the answers

What is Sjogren syndrome characterized by?

The immune system attacking the glands that produce tears and saliva Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the paranasal sinuses?

Reducing the weight of the head Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumors can form in the salivary glands?

Cancerous and noncancerous tumors Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for the arches in the upper part of the throat?

Palatine arches Signup and view all the answers

What is the inflammation of the tonsils in the upper part of the throat?

Tonsillitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the enlargement of the tonsils without inflammation?

Tonsillar Hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the styloglossus muscle?

Retracts and elevates the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the genioglossus muscle?

Superior part of the symphysis menti Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the transverse muscle?

Makes the tongue narrow and elongated Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the superior longitudinal muscle?

Retracts the tongue making it short and thick Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?

Occipital bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the platysma muscle?

Draws the angles of the mouth inferiorly Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the maxilla bones?

Holding the upper teeth and connecting to the zygomatic bones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a landmark of the maxilla?

Palatine process Signup and view all the answers

What is the zygomatic bone also known as?

Cheekbone Signup and view all the answers

Where is the lacrimal bone situated?

At the front part of the medial orbit Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the infra orbital foramen?

Allowing the passage of blood vessels and nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the lacrimal bone?

It is the smallest and most fragile bone of the face Signup and view all the answers

What is the point of intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures on the skull?

Bregma Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the buccinator muscle?

To compress the cheeks against the teeth Signup and view all the answers

During what stage of life is the lambda membranous?

Fetuses Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fontanelle that closes in the first 18-36 months of life?

Anterior fontanelle Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the buccinator muscle?

Alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the buccinator muscle?

Orbicularis oris Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Regions of the Head

Depressions and openings in bones: fissure (narrow opening between adjacent bones for nerves and vessels), foramen (hole), and meatus (tubelike passageway)
Processes that form joints: condyle (large rounded prominence), facet (smooth flat surface), and head (rounded articular projection)

Gross Anatomy of the Skull (Cranium)

Consists of 8 bones: frontal, 2 temporal, 2 parietal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones
Face consists of 14 bones: maxilla, zygomatic bones, lacrimal bones, palatine bones, nasal bones, inferior nasal conchae, vomer, and mandible

Bones of the Cranium

Frontal bone: large bone that makes up the forehead and supplies the upper edge and roof of the orbit (eye socket)

Bones of the Face

Maxilla: largest bones of the face, forms the upper jaw, and holds the upper teeth
- Landmarks: infra orbital foramen (hole below the orbit), alveolar process (arch of the maxilla containing the upper teeth), and palatine process (horizontal projection forming the anterior ¾ of the hard palate)
Zygomatic bones: commonly referred to as the cheekbone, forms the prominence of the cheek and part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit
Lacrimal bones: smallest and most fragile bone of the face, contains the lacrimal sac and the naso-lacrimal duct

Myology of the Head and Neck

Muscles of facial expression
Muscles of mastication
Muscles of the floor of the mouth
Muscles of the soft palate
Muscles of the tongue (extrinsic and intrinsic)
Muscles of the neck
Muscles of the pharynx

Muscles of the Tongue (Extrinsic)

Styloglossus: originates from the styloid process of the temporal bone, inserts into the sides of the tongue, and functions to retract and elevate the tongue
Genioglossus: originates from the superior part of the symphysis menti, inserts into the undersurface of the tongue, and functions to protrude and depress the tongue
Hyoglossus: originates from the hyoid bone, inserts into the sides of the tongue, and functions to depress and retract the tongue

Muscles of the Tongue (Intrinsic)

Transverse/horizontal muscle: originates from the median fibrous septum, inserts into the sides of the tongue, and functions to make the tongue narrow and elongated
Vertical muscle: originates from the submucosal fibrous layer of the dorsum of the tongue, inserts into the inferior surface borders of the tongue, and functions to flatten and broaden the tongue
Superior longitudinal muscle: originates from the median fibrous septum, inserts into the edges of the tongue, and functions to retract the tongue making it short and thick
Inferior longitudinal muscle: originates from the root of the tongue, inserts into the apex of the tongue, and functions to retract the tongue making it short and thick

Muscles of the Neck

Sternocleidomastoid: originates from the sternum and clavicle, inserts into the mastoid process, and functions to divide the neck into anterior and posterior triangles
Trapezius: originates from the occipital bone, inserts into the clavicle and scapula, and functions to shrug the shoulders, rotate, retract, and elevate the scapula
Platysma: originates from the clavicle, inserts into the base of the mandible, orbicularis oris, angle of the mouth, skin of the cheeks and lips, and functions to draw the angles of the mouth inferiorly

Cranial Nerves

Not specified in this text

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Description

Quiz on the anatomy of the head and neck, covering regions, depressions, openings, and bony processes.