Anatomy of the Head and Neck: The Neck
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the neck in terms of the structures of the head and the rest of the body?

  • To regulate blood flow to the brain
  • To facilitate communication between the head and the rest of the body (correct)
  • To support the weight of the head
  • To provide flexibility to the head

    • What are the two compartments of the neck that contain passageways?

  • Visceral and vertebral (correct)
  • Vertebral and vascular
  • Vascular and visceral
  • Muscular and skeletal

    • Which muscles surround the posterior and lateral parts of the neck?

  • Brachialis and biceps
  • Pectoralis and latissimus dorsi
  • Deltoid and rhomboid
  • Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius (correct)

    • What is the number of cervical vertebrae in the vertebral compartment?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boundary of the neck above the base of the skull?

    <p>The base of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cervical plexus in the neck?

    <p>To supply structures in the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the platysma muscle?

    <p>To tense the skin and aid in facial expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the axis and atlas vertebrae?

    <p>They have no intervertebral discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure passes through the transverse foramen?

    <p>Vertebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the deep fascia in the neck?

    <p>To envelop structures in tough membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of paralysis of the platysma muscle?

    <p>Visible droop of skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cervical vertebrae?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle when both sides are contracted?

    <p>To hold the head straight or flex the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the vertebrae of the neck and the thorax?

    <p>The vertebrae of the neck do not attach to ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the triangle that is used to determine the location for a central line?

    <p>Anterior triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?

    <p>The back of the head and the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the trapezius muscle when the spine is fixed?

    <p>To move the scapula when the spine is fixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why the neck is vulnerable to serious injury?

    <p>The vertebrae of the neck do not attach to ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main anatomical structure that forms the boundary between the anterior and posterior triangles?

    <p>Sternocleidomastoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures emerges around the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid?

    <p>Superficial branches of the cervical plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is the posterior triangle bounded by?

    <p>Sternocleidomastoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the accessory nerve in the posterior triangle?

    <p>Vertically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT found in the anterior triangle?

    <p>External jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical structure that the external jugular vein passes obliquely down over to enter the posterior triangle?

    <p>Sternocleidomastoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the common carotid artery on the right side of the body?

    <p>Brachiocephalic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure travels in the carotid sheath alongside the common carotid artery?

    <p>Internal jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerves innervate the face and neck?

    <p>VII-XII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the posterior branches of the cervical spinal nerves?

    <p>Supply the skin of the posterior parts of the scalp and neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cervical plexus?

    <p>Supply the muscles and cutaneous region of the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a branch of the cervical plexus?

    <p>Phrenic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cervical vertebrae?

    <p>To support the weight of the head and allow flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 4 main compartments of the neck?

    <p>To organize the structures of the neck into functional groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the deep fascia in the neck?

    <p>To separate the compartments of the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boundary of the neck below?

    <p>The clavicles and the top of the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the visceral compartment?

    <p>To house the passageways of the larynx and pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the vertebral compartment?

    <p>It supports the weight of the head and allows for flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the supporting role of the neck in terms of the head and vertebral arteries?

    <p>To provide essential support to a 'heavy' head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the axis and atlas vertebrae in the neck?

    <p>They have no intervertebral discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the platysma muscle in the neck?

    <p>To tense the skin and help depress the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the deep fascia in the neck?

    <p>To envelop structures in tough membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of paralysis of the platysma muscle in the neck?

    <p>A visible droop of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that passes through the transverse foramen in the neck?

    <p>Vertebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of contracting only one sternocleidomastoid muscle?

    <p>The head rotates to the opposite side and laterally flexes to the same side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle originates from the back of the head and inserts onto the lateral third of the clavicle and spine of scapula?

    <p>Trapezius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the neck particularly vulnerable to serious injury?

    <p>Because the vertebrae of the neck do not attach to ribs, thus offering little protection to the viscera and vasculature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many triangles are there in the neck?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the anterior triangle in the neck?

    <p>It is used to determine the location for a central line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of bilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

    <p>The head remains straight or flexes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery arises from the brachiocephalic artery on the right side of the body?

    <p>Common carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main vein of the anterior triangle?

    <p>Internal jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the posterior branches of the cervical spinal nerves?

    <p>Supply the extensor muscles of the vertebral column and the skin of the posterior parts of the scalp and neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the branch of the cervical plexus that forms the phrenic nerve?

    <p>Anterior rami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the arteries of the anterior triangle?

    <p>Common carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure travels in the carotid sheath alongside the common carotid artery?

    <p>Internal jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the omohyoid, sternothyroid, and sternohyoid muscles?

    <p>Ansa cervicalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves form the brachial plexus?

    <p>C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cervical plexus?

    <p>Supplying the skin of the anterior and lateral neck and side of the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for the network of nerves that supplies the entirety of the upper limb?

    <p>Brachial plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contents of the carotid sheath?

    <p>Internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, and common carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is a branch of the cervical plexus?

    <p>Transverse nerve of the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the synovial joints in the neck?

    <p>To provide flexibility and support to the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures does NOT pass through the transverse foramen?

    <p>Jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the platysma muscle?

    <p>To tense the skin and help with facial expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the atlas and axis vertebrae?

    <p>They have no intervertebral discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the deep fascia in the neck?

    <p>To envelop and organize the neck structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of paralysis of the platysma muscle?

    <p>Visible droop of skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cervical vertebrae in relation to the head?

    <p>To allow for considerable flexibility and support the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the visceral compartment in the neck?

    <p>To contain the passageways of the larynx and pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the muscles within the vertebral compartment?

    <p>They surround the posterior and lateral parts of the neck and assist in position or movement of the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 4 main compartments of the neck?

    <p>They provide a framework for the organization of the neck's structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boundary of the neck above?

    <p>The base of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the bony landmarks of the neck?

    <p>They provide a framework for the organization of the neck's structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boundary between the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

    <p>Posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve emerges around the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the posterior triangle?

    <p>Accessory nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the accessory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck?

    <p>Vertically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure passes obliquely down over the sternocleidomastoid muscle to enter the posterior triangle?

    <p>External jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structure of interest within the anterior triangle of the neck?

    <p>Carotid arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure forms the inferior margin of the anterior triangle of the neck?

    <p>Mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the internal jugular vein?

    <p>The base of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the anterior rami of the cervical spinal nerves?

    <p>Form the cervical and brachial plexuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures receive innervation from the cranial nerves VII-XII?

    <p>The face and neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the common carotid artery on the left side of the body?

    <p>The arch of the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a branch of the cervical plexus?

    <p>The phrenic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main vessel of the anterior triangle?

    <p>The internal jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the omohyoid muscle, as well as sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles?

    <p>Ansa cervicalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerves is NOT a part of the carotid sheath?

    <p>Hypoglossal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the brachial plexus?

    <p>The anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT supplied by the cervical plexus?

    <p>Deltoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the course of the brachial plexus?

    <p>It projects towards the armpit to supply the entirety of the upper limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?

    <p>Ansa cervicalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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