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Questions and Answers
What does the term Geography literally mean?
Which branch of geography primarily analyzes natural elements on the Earth's surface?
Who is considered the 'Father of Human Geography'?
What does population geography primarily focus on?
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Which two countries account for over a third of the world's population?
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What concept did Paul Vidal de la Blache emphasize in human geography?
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What is a primary concern of human geography according to George F. Carter?
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How is population density defined?
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What is the key focus of human geography as defined by James M. Rubenstein?
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What percentage of the world population did the seven most populous countries collectively account for?
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What tool do geographers primarily use to analyze population change?
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Which scholar regarded human geography as understanding the changing relationship between humans and the earth?
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What is the estimated population of Manila in 2024?
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Which of the following best describes Human Geography's scope?
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What advantage did pastoralists have over sedentary agriculturalists?
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Which population density figure represents that of Manila?
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What major event began the Great Atlantic Migration in the late 1840s?
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In what year did Manila's population significantly increase from 1,543,666 to over 14 million?
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Which technological innovations became prevalent around 4000 BCE?
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What characterized the new forms of human migration among settled civilizations?
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How many Europeans migrated to the United States between 1820 and 1980?
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What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on human migration?
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What was a consequence of the seafaring migrants who arrived around 4000 BCE?
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What enabled technological innovations to spread widely during early civilizations?
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What does the rate of natural increase measure?
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Which of the following statements about Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is true?
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What is the TFR required to maintain zero population growth?
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How does immigration differ from emigration?
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What indicates a country is likely to experience population decline?
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What is the significance of the 'J-curve' in population growth?
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What is the United States' current birth rate?
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What does a net migration rate of -8/1000 indicate for El Salvador?
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What period did the largest slave migrations likely occur?
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What is one of the major causes of forced migration?
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How many ethnic Germans were forcibly transported into Germany after World War II?
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What defines a refugee legally?
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What type of migration involves crossing state boundaries with intention to stay?
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What characterizes the largest human migrations today?
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What is the status of a person considered an asylum seeker?
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What is NOT a common reason for forced migration?
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Study Notes
Geography Overview
- Derived from Greek "GEO" (Earth) and "GRAPHOS" (To write), meaning description of the Earth.
- Two major branches: Physical Geography and Human Geography.
Physical Geography
- Focuses on natural elements like climate, landforms, and existing environmental patterns.
Human Geography
- Examines the impact of human behavior on the environment, including cultural, economic, and political effects.
- Explores the relationship between the physical environment and socio-cultural factors influenced by human interactions.
Historical Context
- Ancient scholars like Hecataeus, Herodotus, and Aristotle recognized the connection between humans and their physical surroundings.
- German geographers Humboldt and Ritter studied the interplay between social groups and their environment.
Foundational Figures in Human Geography
- Vidal de la Blache: A founding father of modern human geography, highlighted diverse understandings of human geography.
- Friedrich Ratzel: Known as the Father of Human Geography; authored "Anthropogeography," coining the term as a synthetic study of human societies and the Earth's surface.
- Ellen Churchill Semple: Defined human geography as the study of the changing relationship between humans and the Earth.
- Paul Vidal de la Blache: Advocated for a comprehensive view of Earth's physical laws and their relationship with living beings.
- George F. Carter: Emphasized the connections between humans, lifestyles, and their living environments.
- James M. Rubenstein: Described human geography as the study of the location and reasons for human activities.
Current Trends in Human Geography
- Analyzes the scientific distribution of people and activities, focusing on density, concentration, and patterns.
Population Geography Overview
- Studies spatial distribution and characteristics of human populations, including growth, decline, and migration.
World Population Stats
- Global population approximately 7.8 billion, unevenly distributed across 193 UN member countries.
- China and India account for over a third of the world’s population.
- Seven most populous nations (China, India, US, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Nigeria) represent more than half of the global population.
Manila Population Dynamics
- 2024 estimated population: 14,941,953; increased from 1,543,666 in 1950.
- Recent growth of 274,864 people reflects a 1.87% annual growth rate.
Population Density Insights
- Density calculated as population per land area, essential for demographic analysis and human health connections.
- Philippines density in 2022: 385.20 people/km² with a 1.47% increase from 2021.
- Manila recognized as the world's most densely populated city: 42,857 people/km².
Population Metrics
- Population Pyramid: Graph illustrating age distribution.
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Rate of Natural Increase: Birth rate minus death rate.
- US birth rate: 12/1000, death rate: 8/1000; natural increase: 4.2/1000 (0.42%).
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Total Fertility Rate (TFR): Indicates average number of children per female over a lifetime.
- Nigeria has high TFR (6.35), Taiwan has low (1.13).
- A TFR of 2.1 is needed for zero population growth.
Migration Dynamics
- Immigration: Arrival of migrants; Emigration: Departure of migrants.
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Net Migration Rate: Difference between immigrants and emigrants per 1000 in a population.
- US: 2.9/1000 net migrants; El Salvador: -8/1000.
Historical Population Growth
- The "J-curve" reflects inconsistent human population growth; slow development followed by rapid increases.
- Significant migrations fueled by technological advancements and crises in agriculture, particularly during the Industrial Revolution.
Types of Migrations
- Forced Migrations: Includes slave migrations and large expulsions during historical conflicts.
- Internal Migration: Movements within nations, often rural to urban.
- International Immigration: Cross-border movement, possibly voluntary or involuntary.
Migrant Categories
- Asylum Seekers: Individuals seeking protection due to fear of persecution.
- Refugees: People fleeing conflict or disaster, granted asylum status based on successful claims.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of Human Geography in this review. Learn about the origin of the term and its two main branches: Physical Geography and Human Geography. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of how human behavior impacts the environment and the structure of our planet.
