Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of exons in the human genome?
What is the primary function of exons in the human genome?
- To make up the majority of the genomic sequence
- To interrupt the coding sequence
- To produce functional proteins (correct)
- To serve as inactive segments of DNA
Which of the following represents the percentage of the human genome that codes for proteins or gives rise to rRNA or tRNA?
Which of the following represents the percentage of the human genome that codes for proteins or gives rise to rRNA or tRNA?
- 1.5% (correct)
- 20%
- 15%
- 5%
In the context of RNA sequences, which statement accurately defines introns?
In the context of RNA sequences, which statement accurately defines introns?
- Pseudogenes that are nonfunctional
- Segments that regulate gene transcription
- Intervening sequences that do not code for proteins (correct)
- Expressed regions that code for proteins
How much of the human genome is accounted for by introns?
How much of the human genome is accounted for by introns?
What do unique noncoding DNA segments, such as pseudogenes, represent in the human genome?
What do unique noncoding DNA segments, such as pseudogenes, represent in the human genome?
Which type of DNA sequences make up approximately 58% of the human genome?
Which type of DNA sequences make up approximately 58% of the human genome?
Where do promoters function in the context of gene expression?
Where do promoters function in the context of gene expression?
What are the expressed regions of DNA sequences that are translated into amino acids called?
What are the expressed regions of DNA sequences that are translated into amino acids called?
What percentage of the human genome is made up by regulatory sequences such as promoters?
What percentage of the human genome is made up by regulatory sequences such as promoters?
What is the main distinction between exons and introns?
What is the main distinction between exons and introns?
Flashcards
Exons
Exons
Expressed regions of DNA that code for proteins, found in between introns.
Introns
Introns
Non-coding segments of DNA that intervene between exons.
Unique Noncoding DNA
Unique Noncoding DNA
Non-coding DNA segments not repeated, found in the human genome.
Pseudogenes
Pseudogenes
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Promoters
Promoters
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Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
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Human Genome
Human Genome
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Protein-coding genes
Protein-coding genes
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Percentage of protein-coding portion of genes
Percentage of protein-coding portion of genes
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Percentage of introns in human genome
Percentage of introns in human genome
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Study Notes
Human Genome Structure
- The human genome, like computer code, isn't uniform. It contains various types of sequences with different functionalities.
Introns and Exons
- Eukaryotic DNA sequences coding for polypeptides are split into exons and introns.
- Exons are expressed regions; introns are intervening sequences.
- Exons are translated into amino acid sequences; introns are non-coding.
- Exons are expressed; introns intervene.
- Exons and introns refer to both RNA sequences and the DNA that encodes them.
Unique Noncoding DNA and Promoters
- Only about 1.5% of human genes code for proteins, rRNA, or tRNA.
- Introns constitute about 20% of the genome.
- Unique noncoding DNA like pseudogenes (inactive genes) accounts for about 15% of the genome.
- Pseudogenes lack function due to mutations.
- Regulatory sequences like promoters make up 5% of the human genome.
- Promoters indicate gene transcription start points.
Repetitive DNA
- Repetitive DNA sequences make up about 58% of the human genome.
- Approximately 44% of repetitive DNA is transposable elements (TEs) or related sequences; these can move in the genome.
- 14% of repetitive DNA is not related to TEs; this likely results from DNA replication or recombination errors.
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