Chapter 3 Mixed Test
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Questions and Answers

The respiratory system uses the chest and diaphragm muscles to move air in and out of the lungs.

True (A)

Which of the following is NOT a component of the respiratory system?

  • Bronchi
  • Arteries (correct)
  • Alveoli
  • Trachea

    • The _______ are tiny, air-filled sacs at the ends of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs.

    alveoli

    Match the following structures with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Trachea = Tube-like passageway connecting the mouth and nose to the lungs Bronchi = Smaller branches of bronchi Bronchioles = Tiny blood vessels surrounding alveoli Capillaries = Main air passageway leading to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the central nervous system?

    <p>Transmitting information from the brain to the muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reflexes are conscious responses to stimuli that involve the brain.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons carry information from the central nervous system to muscles and organs?

    <p>Motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ controls thinking, talking, and moving.

    <p>cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sensory receptor found in the skin?

    <p>Muscle receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the brain region with its primary function:

    <p>Cerebrum = Controls balance Cerebellum = Controls breathing and heart rate Medulla = Controls thinking, talking, and moving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the skin's sensitivity to touch not uniform across the body?

    <p>The density and distribution of touch receptors vary in different areas of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interneurons are responsible for connecting sensory neurons to motor neurons in the reflex arc.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the digestive system?

    <p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mechanical digestion involves the use of enzymes to break down food particles.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the epiglottis in the digestive process?

    <p>The epiglottis acts as a flap that covers the windpipe when swallowing, preventing food from entering the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saliva contains an enzyme called ______ that starts the breakdown of starch.

    <p>salivary amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following digestive system components with their primary functions:

    <p>Mouth = Mechanical and chemical digestion Esophagus = Transports food to the stomach Stomach = Churns and mixes food with gastric juices Small Intestine = Absorption of nutrients Large Intestine = Reabsorption of water and elimination of waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of energy that cells utilize?

    <p>Chemical energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The digestive system is comprised of a single tube-like structure.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the process of mechanical digestion.

    <p>Mechanical digestion involves physically breaking down food into smaller pieces through actions like chewing and churning in the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?

    <p>Right (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Veins carry blood away from the heart.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the excretory system?

    <p>The excretory system removes waste products from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ converts harmful ammonia into urea.

    <p>liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following blood vessels with their descriptions:

    <p>Arteries = Carry blood towards the heart, thinner than arteries, have valves Veins = Carry blood away from the heart, thick muscular walls, can expand and contract Capillaries = Connect arteries and veins, thin walls for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The esophagus uses wave-like movements called peristalsis to move food from the mouth to the stomach.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is responsible for churning food and mixing it with gastric juices.

    <p>stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of gastric juices?

    <p>Saliva (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bile in digestion?

    <p>Bile breaks down large fat globules into smaller droplets, making them easier to digest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following digestive organs with their primary function:

    <p>Esophagus = Transports food to the stomach Small intestine = Absorbs nutrients Large intestine = Absorbs water and forms feces Pancreas = Produces enzymes for digestion Liver = Produces bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The large intestine absorbs water, vitamins, and minerals, but does not play a role in forming feces.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the respiratory system?

    <p>To provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain why mountain climbing at high altitudes can be dangerous.

    <p>At higher altitudes, there is less atmospheric pressure, resulting in lower oxygen levels. This can make it difficult to breathe and can lead to altitude sickness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a component of the excretory system?

    <p>Pancreas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The renal arteries carry blood from the kidneys to the rest of the body.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is a sac that stores urine before it is excreted.

    <p>bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is not typically found in urine?

    <p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following excretory system parts to their functions:

    <p>Kidneys = Filter blood and produce urine Ureters = Transport urine from kidneys to bladder Bladder = Store urine Urethra = Excrete urine from the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Function and Interacting Systems

    • Healthy human function relies on interacting systems.
    • Organ systems depend on each other for optimal function.

    Key Concepts

    • Cells
    • Organs
    • Tissues
    • Structure and function
    • Response to stimuli
    • Systems

    Learning Outcomes

    • Describe how body systems work.
    • Recognize roles of organs/tissues in body systems.
    • Explain how cells help the body function.
    • Show how the body responds to changing conditions.

    Digestive System

    • Living organisms need energy from carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
    • The digestive system breaks down food into smaller, usable particles.
    • Mechanical digestion breaks food into smaller pieces.
    • Chemical digestion uses enzymes to further break down large molecules.
    • Digestion takes place in different parts of the digestive system.

    The Mouth and Esophagus

    • Digestion begins in the mouth.
    • Teeth mechanically break down food.
    • Saliva moistens food and contains enzymes (salivary amylase) that breaks down starch.
    • Epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea.
    • Food travels through the esophagus by peristalsis (wave-like muscle contractions).

    The Stomach

    • The stomach churns food.
    • Gastric juice (mucus, hydrochloric acid, water, and digestive enzymes) mixes with food.
    • Hydrochloric acid chemically digests proteins.
    • Mucus protects the stomach lining from digestion.
    • Food is slowly released into the small intestine as a liquid.

    The Small Intestine, Pancreas, Liver, and Gallbladder

    • Chemical digestion continues in the small intestine.
    • Pancreas releases digestive enzymes.
    • Liver produces bile, stored in the gallbladder.
    • Bile breaks down fats.
    • Small intestine absorbs nutrients.
    • Villi and microvilli increase surface area for absorption.
    • Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.

    The Large Intestine

    • Water and vitamins are absorbed.
    • Undigested material forms feces.
    • Feces are expelled through the rectum.

    Respiratory System

    • The respiratory system supplies oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide.
    • Breathing involves inhaling and exhaling air.
    • The process of exchanging gases takes place in the alveoli.
    • Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs, surrounded by capillaries.
    • Oxygen diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses out.

    Circulatory System

    • The circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen.
    • It removes waste products.
    • The heart pumps blood through arteries, veins, and capillaries.
    • Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
    • Veins carry blood to the heart.
    • Capillaries exchange substances with tissues.

    The Heart

    • The heart acts as a pump with two sides.
    • The right side pumps blood to the lungs.
    • The left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
    • The heart has four chambers (two atria and two ventricles).

    Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries

    • Arteries have thicker walls than veins to withstand the pressure of the pumping heart.
    • Veins have valves to prevent backflow.
    • Capillaries are thin-walled to facilitate diffusion.

    Excretory System

    • The excretory system removes waste products like urea and excess water.
    • Kidneys filter urea and wastes from blood creating urine.
    • Urine travels to the bladder for storage.
    • Urine is expelled from the body.
    • Other parts like skin and lungs also remove waste.

    Nervous System

    • The nervous system receives stimuli and sends messages to react.
    • Sensory nerves detect changes (stimuli).
    • Motor neurons (message carriers) trigger responses.
    • The brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system.
    • Nerves make up the peripheral system.

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