Human Fetal Muscle Development Study

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of muscle mass is typically reduced by the age of 65 years?

  • 50 to 55%
  • 25 to 30% (correct)
  • 10 to 15%
  • 40 to 45%

Which enzyme activity loss is mentioned as contributing to the decrease in muscle strength and power with age?

  • Myosin phosphorylase activity
  • Myosin ATPase activity (correct)
  • Myosin kinase activity
  • Myosin synthetase activity

What specific factor influences the extent of muscle-specific atrophy according to the text?

  • Muscle activity (correct)
  • Blood pressure
  • Bone density
  • Dietary intake

Which condition is NOT listed as a cause of secondary sarcopenia in the text?

<p>Hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age range do individuals typically experience the peak of muscle mass according to the text?

<p>25-30 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the decrease in mitochondrial size and number is true according to the text?

<p>It results in a decrease in oxidative metabolic capacity and fatigue resistance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of muscle strength?

<p>The maximal force a muscle or muscle group can generate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecular markers are associated with aging?

<p>Lipid peroxidation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of aging, which tissues are more susceptible to the effects of age?

<p>Post-mitotic tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between power and muscle performance?

<p>Power is the product of strength and the speed of movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor associated with aging?

<p>Physiological decline in organ function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chronic diseases impact post-mitotic tissues disproportionally in the elderly?

<p>Many chronic diseases do not disproportionately impact post-mitotic tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of secondary sarcopenia?

<p>Changes in caloric and protein intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT listed as a cause of sarcopenia in the text?

<p>Increased skeletal muscle regeneration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the skeletal muscle metabolic microenvironment affect muscle function according to the text?

<p>By directly affecting muscle function and regeneration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a characteristic of primary sarcopenia according to the text?

<p>Attributed to changes in hormone levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor affecting muscle regeneration according to the text?

<p>Free radical oxidative damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of world-class records do runners in the 55-59 age group hold for the 10 km distance?

<p>60% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is the average decrease in arm, leg, and back strength per decade starting from the third decade?

<p>8% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of age-related powerlifting records, which statement is true?

<p>Strength records peak in the later decades. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the minimum functional unit of neural control of muscle contraction?

<p>Motor unit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what factor contributes most to the decrease in strength with age?

<p>Muscle atrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation coefficient between leg extensor power and walking speed in old men and women according to the provided data?

<p>$R = 0.95$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle fibres preferentially atrophy with aging?

<p>Fast twitch (Type 2A oxidative glycolytic) fibres (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an increased proportion of type 1 muscle fibres suggest in relation to aging?

<p>Decreased muscle power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of sarcopenia?

<p>Loss in the number and size of type 2 muscle fibres (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is NOT mentioned as part of the skeletal muscle-specific atrophy with aging?

<p>Triceps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a decrease in type 2 muscle fibres result in?

<p>Decrease in muscle power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with fast twitch (Type 2X glycolytic) fibres?

<p>High glycogen storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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