Human Fetal Muscle Development Study
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of muscle mass is typically reduced by the age of 65 years?

  • 50 to 55%
  • 25 to 30% (correct)
  • 10 to 15%
  • 40 to 45%
  • Which enzyme activity loss is mentioned as contributing to the decrease in muscle strength and power with age?

  • Myosin phosphorylase activity
  • Myosin ATPase activity (correct)
  • Myosin kinase activity
  • Myosin synthetase activity
  • What specific factor influences the extent of muscle-specific atrophy according to the text?

  • Muscle activity (correct)
  • Blood pressure
  • Bone density
  • Dietary intake
  • Which condition is NOT listed as a cause of secondary sarcopenia in the text?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age range do individuals typically experience the peak of muscle mass according to the text?

    <p>25-30 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the decrease in mitochondrial size and number is true according to the text?

    <p>It results in a decrease in oxidative metabolic capacity and fatigue resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of muscle strength?

    <p>The maximal force a muscle or muscle group can generate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecular markers are associated with aging?

    <p>Lipid peroxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of aging, which tissues are more susceptible to the effects of age?

    <p>Post-mitotic tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between power and muscle performance?

    <p>Power is the product of strength and the speed of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor associated with aging?

    <p>Physiological decline in organ function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chronic diseases impact post-mitotic tissues disproportionally in the elderly?

    <p>Many chronic diseases do not disproportionately impact post-mitotic tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the causes of secondary sarcopenia?

    <p>Changes in caloric and protein intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT listed as a cause of sarcopenia in the text?

    <p>Increased skeletal muscle regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the skeletal muscle metabolic microenvironment affect muscle function according to the text?

    <p>By directly affecting muscle function and regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a characteristic of primary sarcopenia according to the text?

    <p>Attributed to changes in hormone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor affecting muscle regeneration according to the text?

    <p>Free radical oxidative damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of world-class records do runners in the 55-59 age group hold for the 10 km distance?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, what is the average decrease in arm, leg, and back strength per decade starting from the third decade?

    <p>8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of age-related powerlifting records, which statement is true?

    <p>Strength records peak in the later decades.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the minimum functional unit of neural control of muscle contraction?

    <p>Motor unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, what factor contributes most to the decrease in strength with age?

    <p>Muscle atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation coefficient between leg extensor power and walking speed in old men and women according to the provided data?

    <p>$R = 0.95$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fibres preferentially atrophy with aging?

    <p>Fast twitch (Type 2A oxidative glycolytic) fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increased proportion of type 1 muscle fibres suggest in relation to aging?

    <p>Decreased muscle power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of sarcopenia?

    <p>Loss in the number and size of type 2 muscle fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is NOT mentioned as part of the skeletal muscle-specific atrophy with aging?

    <p>Triceps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a decrease in type 2 muscle fibres result in?

    <p>Decrease in muscle power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT associated with fast twitch (Type 2X glycolytic) fibres?

    <p>High glycogen storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

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