Gr 9 NATURAL SCIENCES: November Exam Medium
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the ureters?

  • To regulate the body's pH and electrolyte balance
  • To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder (correct)
  • To filter waste products from the blood
  • To store urine until it is excreted

    • What is the approximate length of each ureter?

  • 50-60 cm
  • 25-30 cm (correct)
  • 40-45 cm
  • 10-15 cm

    • What is the main function of the bladder?

  • To transport urine from the kidneys to the urethra
  • To filter waste products from the blood
  • To regulate the body's pH and electrolyte balance
  • To store urine until it is excreted (correct)

    • What is the difference between the male and female urethra?

    <p>The male urethra is longer and serves as a passage for semen during ejaculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the body retains necessary nutrients and maintains fluid balance?

    <p>Reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which waste products and excess ions are removed from the blood?

    <p>Secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of the excretory process?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where blood filtration begins in the nephron?

    <p>Glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sensory organs in the nervous system?

    <p>To detect and respond to stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do neurons in the brain send and receive messages?

    <p>Through electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>To regulate body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there is an interruption in blood flow to the brain?

    <p>The brain cells die due to lack of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of depression on the nervous system?

    <p>It impairs cognitive functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hair cells in the cochlea?

    <p>To detect sound waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of photoreceptor cells in the retina?

    <p>To detect light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of trauma and injuries to the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Severe and often irreversible consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To detect airborne chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of substance abuse on the brain?

    <p>It impairs cognitive functions, memory, learning, and emotional regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys in the excretory system?

    <p>To filter blood and remove waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of kidney failure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for kidney stones?

    <p>Lithotripsy and/or surgical removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the bladder in the excretory system?

    <p>To store urine until urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit nerve impulses between different parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central organ of the nervous system?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>To transmit signals to and from the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is glomerulonephritis?

    <p>An inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of polycystic kidney disease (PKD)?

    <p>Genetic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit signals to and from the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pituitary gland in relation to puberty?

    <p>To stimulate the gonads to produce sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of testosterone in males during puberty?

    <p>To develop male secondary sexual characteristics and produce sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To maintain the testes at a temperature suitable for sperm production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway through which sperm are delivered during ejaculation in males?

    <p>Urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oestrogen in females during puberty?

    <p>To develop female secondary sexual characteristics and regulate the menstrual cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To serve as the receptacle for the penis during sexual intercourse, pathway for menstrual blood, and birth canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the onset of menstruation in females during puberty?

    <p>Menarche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of acne and body odour during puberty?

    <p>Increased oil production and changes in sweat composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased levels of testosterone in males during puberty?

    <p>Development of male secondary sexual characteristics and production of sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the testes in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To produce sperm and the hormone testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the reproductive system?

    <p>To produce sex cells and ensure the continuation of the species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Fallopian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To regulate the temperature of the testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a fertilized egg implants into the lining of the uterus?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the uterus?

    <p>To house and nourish a fertilized egg until it develops into a fetus and is ready for birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the muscular canal that extends from the cervix to the outside of the female body?

    <p>Vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ovulation?

    <p>To release an egg that travels to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organ where a fertilized egg develops into a fetus during pregnancy?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occur?

    <p>In the oviducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which an ovary releases a mature egg?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lining of the uterus called?

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the male body?

    <p>Urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the female reproductive cycle?

    <p>28-30 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the long, coiled tube located at the back of each testis?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To produce female sex hormones and store and release eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the lining of the uterus is shed through the vagina?

    <p>Menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ejaculation in males?

    <p>To release semen containing sperm into the female reproductive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of heterosexual couples affected by infertility?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of consuming alcohol during pregnancy?

    <p>Serious birth defects in the unborn baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact?

    <p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition in which tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside the uterus?

    <p>Endometriosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pituitary gland in relation to puberty?

    <p>To release hormones that stimulate the ovaries and testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of breast development in females during puberty?

    <p>To prepare the body for potential breastfeeding in the future</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the body creates a new individual through the fusion of sex cells?

    <p>Reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of infertility in males?

    <p>Low sperm count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage in which children's bodies mature into adult bodies capable of sexual reproduction?

    <p>Puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the urethra?

    <p>To transport urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of urine through the ureters?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where the excretory process begins?

    <p>Nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of secretion in the nephron?

    <p>To regulate the body's pH and electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of the excretory process?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reabsorption in the nephron?

    <p>To retain essential nutrients and maintain fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the renal pelvis?

    <p>To funnel urine from the nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where urine is stored before excretion?

    <p>Bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To produce female sex hormones and release egg cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To mature and store sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the uterus lining is shed through the vagina if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of sensory organs in the nervous system?

    <p>To process and interpret sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit electrical impulses across synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occurs?

    <p>Fallopian tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organ where a fertilized egg develops into a fetus during pregnancy?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a stroke in the nervous system?

    <p>Permanent damage and loss of function in parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>To regulate body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the muscular canal that extends from the cervix to the outside of the female body?

    <p>Vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ovulation?

    <p>To release a mature egg cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of degenerative disorders on the nervous system?

    <p>Progressive degeneration of the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a fertilized egg implants into the lining of the uterus?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of taste buds on the tongue?

    <p>To detect different flavors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of trauma and injuries to the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Severe and often irreversible consequences, including paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lining of the uterus called?

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the reproductive system?

    <p>To produce sex cells and ensure the continuation of the species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To detect airborne chemicals and enable the sense of smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of mental health problems on the nervous system?

    <p>Impaired functioning of the nervous system, impacting mood, behavior, and overall mental health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of damage or dysfunction in sensory organs?

    <p>Impaired ability to process sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the thickening of the uterine lining each month?

    <p>To prepare for potential pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To produce and store eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the reproductive cycle does fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occur?

    <p>In the Fallopian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which an ovary releases a mature egg?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the muscular organ located in the female pelvis that houses and nourishes a fertilized egg?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus?

    <p>Oviducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the excretory system?

    <p>To filter waste products and excess ions from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of kidney failure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ejaculation in males?

    <p>To release semen, which contains sperm, from the penis during sexual climax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for bladder infections?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of infertility in approximately 10% of heterosexual couples?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a pregnant woman consuming alcohol during pregnancy?

    <p>Birth defects in the unborn baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the glomeruli in the kidneys?

    <p>To filter blood and remove waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit and interpret nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact?

    <p>Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition in which tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside the uterus?

    <p>Endometriosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys?

    <p>Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of puberty?

    <p>To develop the reproductive organs and produce gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the development of sex organs during puberty?

    <p>Hormones released by the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the reproductive system?

    <p>To ensure the continuation of the species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the brain?

    <p>To interpret and coordinate nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nerves in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit nerve impulses between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of prostate problems in older men?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the unborn baby?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ovaries in females during puberty?

    <p>To produce oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased levels of oestrogen in females during puberty?

    <p>Widening of the hips and development of a more rounded body shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pituitary gland in initiating puberty?

    <p>To release hormones that stimulate the gonads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To store and mature sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the onset of menstruation in females during puberty?

    <p>Menarche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased levels of testosterone in males during puberty?

    <p>Growth of body hair on the limbs, chest, and face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To regulate body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To serve as the pathway for menstrual blood to leave the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To produce testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cause of acne and body odour during puberty?

    <p>Increased oil production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ovulation in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To prepare the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the thickened uterine lining if the egg is not fertilized?

    <p>It is shed and expelled from the body through the vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the journey of sperm through the cervix, uterus, and oviducts?

    <p>To compete with other sperm to penetrate the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes occur on the surface of the egg after fertilization?

    <p>The egg's surface changes to prevent any additional sperm from entering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the placenta in pregnancy?

    <p>To provide nutrients and oxygen to the embryo while removing waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the thickening of the uterine lining during ovulation?

    <p>The uterine lining becomes more receptive to implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system?

    <p>The outer part of the oviduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process when a fertilized egg implants into the lining of the uterus?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the umbilical cord?

    <p>To connect the embryo to the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the gestation period in humans?

    <p>40 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) caused by?

    <p>Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse?

    <p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood in the lungs?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the arteries in the circulatory system?

    <p>To transport oxygenated blood away from the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?

    <p>It contracts and flattens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway through which air travels during inhalation?

    <p>Mouth and nose → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the process of cellular respiration occur in cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the heart in the respiratory system?

    <p>It pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the capillaries in the circulatory system?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rate at which the heart beats when a person is at rest?

    <p>Resting heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the rib cage during inhalation?

    <p>It moves upwards and outwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the alveoli in the lungs?

    <p>To facilitate gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the veins in the circulatory system?

    <p>To transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the process of cellular respiration in cells?

    <p>Release of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

    <p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the capillaries in the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between the blood and body cells?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lungs?

    <p>To facilitate gaseous exchange between the air and the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the alimentary canal?

    <p>To absorb nutrients from food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of digestion occurs in the mouth?

    <p>Both mechanical and chemical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that surrounds each alveolus?

    <p>A dense network of capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of oxygen diffusing from the alveoli into the blood?

    <p>The formation of oxyhaemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

    <p>Absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of gaseous exchange in the lungs?

    <p>It ensures that oxygen is continuously supplied to body cells and that carbon dioxide is removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine?

    <p>To break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammation and narrowing of airways, impeding airflow to the alveoli?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the series of muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that provides a large surface area for gaseous exchange?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of amylase in digestion?

    <p>To break down carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large intestine (colon)?

    <p>To absorb water and salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during exhalation?

    <p>The diaphragm relaxes and returns to its dome shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adaptation that allows for easy diffusion of gases?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of expelling undigested and unabsorbed food from the body?

    <p>Egestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where most nutrient absorption occurs?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the waste product of cellular respiration that is transported in the blood to the lungs?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inner surface of the small intestine with villi and microvilli?

    <p>Mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins in the body?

    <p>To build and repair body cells and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods is a good source of fibre?

    <p>Beans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vitamins in the body?

    <p>To aid in various chemical reactions in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of water in the body?

    <p>To facilitate chemical reactions in cells and help blood carry nutrients and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a poor diet?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of minerals in the body?

    <p>To aid in various body functions and must be obtained through the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of carbohydrates in the body?

    <p>To provide energy for the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fats and oils in the body?

    <p>To protect and insulate organs, maintain healthy hair and nails, and absorb and transport certain vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of a balanced diet?

    <p>To maintain proper body function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chemical tests in food?

    <p>To identify the types of food molecules present in different foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the uterine lining if the egg is not fertilized?

    <p>It is shed and expelled from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the oviducts in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To facilitate fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of fertilization?

    <p>The formation of a single cell, the zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>To provide nutrients and oxygen to the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the journey of sperm during sexual intercourse?

    <p>Through the cervix, into the uterus, and towards the oviducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a fertilized egg implants into the lining of the uterus?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organ where a fertilized egg develops into a fetus during pregnancy?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ovulation?

    <p>To release a mature egg for fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the gestation period in human pregnancy?

    <p>To allow the embryo to develop into a fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

    <p>Consuming alcohol during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the diaphragm during inhalation?

    <p>To contract and flatten, increasing chest volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway through which air enters the lungs during inhalation?

    <p>Mouth and nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of alveoli in the lungs?

    <p>To facilitate gas exchange between the lungs and bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxygen in the blood?

    <p>To bind to haemoglobin molecules in red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the intercostal muscles during inhalation?

    <p>To expand the rib cage and increase thoracic volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream?

    <p>Exhalation occurs to expel carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the heart in the respiratory system?

    <p>To pump oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse?

    <p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of digestion?

    <p>Biological digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the stomach in the alimentary canal?

    <p>Mixing food with digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?

    <p>Amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the majority of digestion and nutrient absorption occur?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the series of muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal called?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large intestine (colon)?

    <p>Absorbing water and salts from the remaining indigestible food matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of expelling undigested and unabsorbed food from the body called?

    <p>Egestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does chemical digestion begin?

    <p>Mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

    <p>To increase the surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach?

    <p>Oesophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the diaphragm during exhalation?

    <p>It relaxes and returns to its dome shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bronchi and bronchioles?

    <p>To distribute air throughout the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of the thin walls of alveoli and capillaries?

    <p>They allow for easy diffusion of gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to oxygen during inhalation?

    <p>It diffuses from the alveoli into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of efficient gaseous exchange in the lungs?

    <p>Oxygen is continuously supplied to body cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of emphysema on the lungs?

    <p>It damages the alveoli, reducing the surface area for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the moist surfaces of the alveoli?

    <p>They help gases dissolve and diffuse more rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of problems with gaseous exchange in the lungs?

    <p>Severe health issues, such as asthma and emphysema, can occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lungs in the human body?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway of oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?