Gr 9 NATURAL SCIENCES: November Exam Medium
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the ureters?

  • To regulate the body's pH and electrolyte balance
  • To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder (correct)
  • To filter waste products from the blood
  • To store urine until it is excreted

    • What is the approximate length of each ureter?

  • 50-60 cm
  • 25-30 cm (correct)
  • 40-45 cm
  • 10-15 cm

    • What is the main function of the bladder?

  • To transport urine from the kidneys to the urethra
  • To filter waste products from the blood
  • To regulate the body's pH and electrolyte balance
  • To store urine until it is excreted (correct)

    • What is the difference between the male and female urethra?

    <p>The male urethra is longer and serves as a passage for semen during ejaculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the body retains necessary nutrients and maintains fluid balance?

    <p>Reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which waste products and excess ions are removed from the blood?

    <p>Secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of the excretory process?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where blood filtration begins in the nephron?

    <p>Glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sensory organs in the nervous system?

    <p>To detect and respond to stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do neurons in the brain send and receive messages?

    <p>Through electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>To regulate body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there is an interruption in blood flow to the brain?

    <p>The brain cells die due to lack of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of depression on the nervous system?

    <p>It impairs cognitive functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hair cells in the cochlea?

    <p>To detect sound waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of photoreceptor cells in the retina?

    <p>To detect light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of trauma and injuries to the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Severe and often irreversible consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To detect airborne chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of substance abuse on the brain?

    <p>It impairs cognitive functions, memory, learning, and emotional regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys in the excretory system?

    <p>To filter blood and remove waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of kidney failure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for kidney stones?

    <p>Lithotripsy and/or surgical removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the bladder in the excretory system?

    <p>To store urine until urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit nerve impulses between different parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central organ of the nervous system?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>To transmit signals to and from the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is glomerulonephritis?

    <p>An inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of polycystic kidney disease (PKD)?

    <p>Genetic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit signals to and from the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pituitary gland in relation to puberty?

    <p>To stimulate the gonads to produce sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of testosterone in males during puberty?

    <p>To develop male secondary sexual characteristics and produce sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To maintain the testes at a temperature suitable for sperm production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway through which sperm are delivered during ejaculation in males?

    <p>Urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oestrogen in females during puberty?

    <p>To develop female secondary sexual characteristics and regulate the menstrual cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To serve as the receptacle for the penis during sexual intercourse, pathway for menstrual blood, and birth canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the onset of menstruation in females during puberty?

    <p>Menarche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of acne and body odour during puberty?

    <p>Increased oil production and changes in sweat composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased levels of testosterone in males during puberty?

    <p>Development of male secondary sexual characteristics and production of sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the testes in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To produce sperm and the hormone testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the reproductive system?

    <p>To produce sex cells and ensure the continuation of the species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Fallopian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To regulate the temperature of the testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a fertilized egg implants into the lining of the uterus?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the uterus?

    <p>To house and nourish a fertilized egg until it develops into a fetus and is ready for birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the muscular canal that extends from the cervix to the outside of the female body?

    <p>Vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ovulation?

    <p>To release an egg that travels to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organ where a fertilized egg develops into a fetus during pregnancy?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occur?

    <p>In the oviducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which an ovary releases a mature egg?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lining of the uterus called?

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the male body?

    <p>Urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the female reproductive cycle?

    <p>28-30 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the long, coiled tube located at the back of each testis?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To produce female sex hormones and store and release eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the lining of the uterus is shed through the vagina?

    <p>Menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ejaculation in males?

    <p>To release semen containing sperm into the female reproductive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of heterosexual couples affected by infertility?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of consuming alcohol during pregnancy?

    <p>Serious birth defects in the unborn baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact?

    <p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition in which tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside the uterus?

    <p>Endometriosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pituitary gland in relation to puberty?

    <p>To release hormones that stimulate the ovaries and testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of breast development in females during puberty?

    <p>To prepare the body for potential breastfeeding in the future</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the body creates a new individual through the fusion of sex cells?

    <p>Reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of infertility in males?

    <p>Low sperm count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage in which children's bodies mature into adult bodies capable of sexual reproduction?

    <p>Puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the urethra?

    <p>To transport urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of urine through the ureters?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where the excretory process begins?

    <p>Nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of secretion in the nephron?

    <p>To regulate the body's pH and electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of the excretory process?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reabsorption in the nephron?

    <p>To retain essential nutrients and maintain fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the renal pelvis?

    <p>To funnel urine from the nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where urine is stored before excretion?

    <p>Bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To produce female sex hormones and release egg cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To mature and store sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the uterus lining is shed through the vagina if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of sensory organs in the nervous system?

    <p>To process and interpret sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit electrical impulses across synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occurs?

    <p>Fallopian tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organ where a fertilized egg develops into a fetus during pregnancy?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a stroke in the nervous system?

    <p>Permanent damage and loss of function in parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>To regulate body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the muscular canal that extends from the cervix to the outside of the female body?

    <p>Vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ovulation?

    <p>To release a mature egg cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of degenerative disorders on the nervous system?

    <p>Progressive degeneration of the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a fertilized egg implants into the lining of the uterus?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of taste buds on the tongue?

    <p>To detect different flavors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of trauma and injuries to the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Severe and often irreversible consequences, including paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lining of the uterus called?

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the reproductive system?

    <p>To produce sex cells and ensure the continuation of the species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To detect airborne chemicals and enable the sense of smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of mental health problems on the nervous system?

    <p>Impaired functioning of the nervous system, impacting mood, behavior, and overall mental health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of damage or dysfunction in sensory organs?

    <p>Impaired ability to process sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the thickening of the uterine lining each month?

    <p>To prepare for potential pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To produce and store eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the reproductive cycle does fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occur?

    <p>In the Fallopian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which an ovary releases a mature egg?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the muscular organ located in the female pelvis that houses and nourishes a fertilized egg?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus?

    <p>Oviducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the excretory system?

    <p>To filter waste products and excess ions from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of kidney failure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ejaculation in males?

    <p>To release semen, which contains sperm, from the penis during sexual climax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for bladder infections?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of infertility in approximately 10% of heterosexual couples?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a pregnant woman consuming alcohol during pregnancy?

    <p>Birth defects in the unborn baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the glomeruli in the kidneys?

    <p>To filter blood and remove waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit and interpret nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact?

    <p>Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition in which tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside the uterus?

    <p>Endometriosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys?

    <p>Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of puberty?

    <p>To develop the reproductive organs and produce gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the development of sex organs during puberty?

    <p>Hormones released by the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the reproductive system?

    <p>To ensure the continuation of the species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the brain?

    <p>To interpret and coordinate nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nerves in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit nerve impulses between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of prostate problems in older men?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the unborn baby?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ovaries in females during puberty?

    <p>To produce oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased levels of oestrogen in females during puberty?

    <p>Widening of the hips and development of a more rounded body shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pituitary gland in initiating puberty?

    <p>To release hormones that stimulate the gonads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To store and mature sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the onset of menstruation in females during puberty?

    <p>Menarche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased levels of testosterone in males during puberty?

    <p>Growth of body hair on the limbs, chest, and face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To regulate body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To serve as the pathway for menstrual blood to leave the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To produce testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cause of acne and body odour during puberty?

    <p>Increased oil production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ovulation in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To prepare the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the thickened uterine lining if the egg is not fertilized?

    <p>It is shed and expelled from the body through the vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the journey of sperm through the cervix, uterus, and oviducts?

    <p>To compete with other sperm to penetrate the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes occur on the surface of the egg after fertilization?

    <p>The egg's surface changes to prevent any additional sperm from entering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the placenta in pregnancy?

    <p>To provide nutrients and oxygen to the embryo while removing waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the thickening of the uterine lining during ovulation?

    <p>The uterine lining becomes more receptive to implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system?

    <p>The outer part of the oviduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process when a fertilized egg implants into the lining of the uterus?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the umbilical cord?

    <p>To connect the embryo to the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the gestation period in humans?

    <p>40 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) caused by?

    <p>Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse?

    <p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood in the lungs?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the arteries in the circulatory system?

    <p>To transport oxygenated blood away from the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?

    <p>It contracts and flattens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway through which air travels during inhalation?

    <p>Mouth and nose → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the process of cellular respiration occur in cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the heart in the respiratory system?

    <p>It pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the capillaries in the circulatory system?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rate at which the heart beats when a person is at rest?

    <p>Resting heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the rib cage during inhalation?

    <p>It moves upwards and outwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the alveoli in the lungs?

    <p>To facilitate gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the veins in the circulatory system?

    <p>To transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the process of cellular respiration in cells?

    <p>Release of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

    <p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the capillaries in the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between the blood and body cells?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lungs?

    <p>To facilitate gaseous exchange between the air and the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the alimentary canal?

    <p>To absorb nutrients from food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of digestion occurs in the mouth?

    <p>Both mechanical and chemical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that surrounds each alveolus?

    <p>A dense network of capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of oxygen diffusing from the alveoli into the blood?

    <p>The formation of oxyhaemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

    <p>Absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of gaseous exchange in the lungs?

    <p>It ensures that oxygen is continuously supplied to body cells and that carbon dioxide is removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine?

    <p>To break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammation and narrowing of airways, impeding airflow to the alveoli?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the series of muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that provides a large surface area for gaseous exchange?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of amylase in digestion?

    <p>To break down carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large intestine (colon)?

    <p>To absorb water and salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during exhalation?

    <p>The diaphragm relaxes and returns to its dome shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adaptation that allows for easy diffusion of gases?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of expelling undigested and unabsorbed food from the body?

    <p>Egestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where most nutrient absorption occurs?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the waste product of cellular respiration that is transported in the blood to the lungs?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inner surface of the small intestine with villi and microvilli?

    <p>Mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins in the body?

    <p>To build and repair body cells and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods is a good source of fibre?

    <p>Beans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vitamins in the body?

    <p>To aid in various chemical reactions in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of water in the body?

    <p>To facilitate chemical reactions in cells and help blood carry nutrients and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a poor diet?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of minerals in the body?

    <p>To aid in various body functions and must be obtained through the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of carbohydrates in the body?

    <p>To provide energy for the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fats and oils in the body?

    <p>To protect and insulate organs, maintain healthy hair and nails, and absorb and transport certain vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of a balanced diet?

    <p>To maintain proper body function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chemical tests in food?

    <p>To identify the types of food molecules present in different foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the uterine lining if the egg is not fertilized?

    <p>It is shed and expelled from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the oviducts in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To facilitate fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of fertilization?

    <p>The formation of a single cell, the zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>To provide nutrients and oxygen to the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the journey of sperm during sexual intercourse?

    <p>Through the cervix, into the uterus, and towards the oviducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a fertilized egg implants into the lining of the uterus?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the organ where a fertilized egg develops into a fetus during pregnancy?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ovulation?

    <p>To release a mature egg for fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the gestation period in human pregnancy?

    <p>To allow the embryo to develop into a fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

    <p>Consuming alcohol during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the diaphragm during inhalation?

    <p>To contract and flatten, increasing chest volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway through which air enters the lungs during inhalation?

    <p>Mouth and nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of alveoli in the lungs?

    <p>To facilitate gas exchange between the lungs and bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxygen in the blood?

    <p>To bind to haemoglobin molecules in red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the intercostal muscles during inhalation?

    <p>To expand the rib cage and increase thoracic volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream?

    <p>Exhalation occurs to expel carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the heart in the respiratory system?

    <p>To pump oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse?

    <p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of digestion?

    <p>Biological digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the stomach in the alimentary canal?

    <p>Mixing food with digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?

    <p>Amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the majority of digestion and nutrient absorption occur?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the series of muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal called?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large intestine (colon)?

    <p>Absorbing water and salts from the remaining indigestible food matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of expelling undigested and unabsorbed food from the body called?

    <p>Egestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does chemical digestion begin?

    <p>Mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

    <p>To increase the surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach?

    <p>Oesophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the diaphragm during exhalation?

    <p>It relaxes and returns to its dome shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bronchi and bronchioles?

    <p>To distribute air throughout the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of the thin walls of alveoli and capillaries?

    <p>They allow for easy diffusion of gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to oxygen during inhalation?

    <p>It diffuses from the alveoli into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of efficient gaseous exchange in the lungs?

    <p>Oxygen is continuously supplied to body cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of emphysema on the lungs?

    <p>It damages the alveoli, reducing the surface area for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the moist surfaces of the alveoli?

    <p>They help gases dissolve and diffuse more rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of problems with gaseous exchange in the lungs?

    <p>Severe health issues, such as asthma and emphysema, can occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lungs in the human body?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway of oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

    <p>Pulmonary veins to the left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the left ventricle in the heart?

    <p>To pump oxygenated blood into the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of capillaries that allows for efficient exchange of oxygen and nutrients?

    <p>Very narrow and thin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which cells produce energy from glucose and oxygen?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway of deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart?

    <p>Veins to the right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indicator of cardiovascular fitness and efficient heart function?

    <p>Lower resting heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the right ventricle in the heart?

    <p>To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins in the human body?

    <p>To build and repair body cells and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of vitamins in a healthy diet?

    <p>Fruits and vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

    <p>To support cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of cellular respiration in the mitochondria?

    <p>Production of energy and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of consuming fats in moderation?

    <p>To prevent obesity and related health issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fibre in the digestive system?

    <p>To maintain regular bowel movements and prevent constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of drinking water daily?

    <p>To prevent dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of minerals in the human body?

    <p>To regulate various body functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of poor dietary choices on overall health?

    <p>It can lead to obesity, malnutrition, and chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the starch test in food testing?

    <p>To identify the presence of starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of a balanced diet?

    <p>To maintain proper body function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the seven building blocks of a healthy diet?

    <p>Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre, and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ovulation?

    <p>To prepare the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the thickened uterine lining if the egg is not fertilized?

    <p>It is expelled from the body through the vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the journey of sperm during sexual intercourse?

    <p>They swim through the cervix, into the uterus, and towards the oviducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the egg's surface after a sperm successfully penetrates?

    <p>It changes to prevent any additional sperm from entering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where a fertilized egg develops into a fetus during pregnancy?

    <p>The uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>To provide nutrients and oxygen to the embryo while removing waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a sperm fertilizing an egg?

    <p>The formation of a zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occur?

    <p>In the oviducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the umbilical cord?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between the embryo and the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate duration of human pregnancy?

    <p>40 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse?

    <p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the diaphragm during inhalation?

    <p>To contract and flatten, increasing the volume of the chest cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which oxygen diffuses from the inhaled air into the blood?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the heart in the respiratory system?

    <p>To pump oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the air sacs located at the ends of the bronchioles?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway through which air travels during inhalation?

    <p>Mouth and nose to pharynx and larynx to trachea to bronchi to lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the body retains necessary nutrients and maintains fluid balance?

    <p>Osmoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of consumption of alcohol during pregnancy on the fetus?

    <p>It causes serious birth defects known as Foetal Alcohol Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lungs in sustaining life?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs?

    <p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of arteries in the circulatory system?

    <p>To transport blood away from the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where cellular respiration occurs in cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway of deoxygenated blood from the body?

    <p>Veins to right atrium to right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible indication of better cardiovascular fitness?

    <p>Lower resting heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway of oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body?

    <p>Pulmonary veins to left atrium to left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of cellular respiration in the mitochondria?

    <p>Release of energy and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

    <p>To transport blood throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lungs?

    <p>To facilitate gaseous exchange between the air and blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during inhalation?

    <p>Oxygen-rich air is drawn into the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins in the body?

    <p>To build and repair body cells and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the capillaries in the lungs?

    <p>To facilitate diffusion of gases between the alveoli and blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of efficient gaseous exchange in the lungs?

    <p>Continuous supply of oxygen to body cells and removal of carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary source of vitamins?

    <p>Fruits and vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fibre in the body?

    <p>To maintain regular bowel movements and prevent constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the lungs?

    <p>The lungs are soft, pink, and spongy, filled with tiny air sacs called alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bronchi and bronchioles?

    <p>To distribute air throughout the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of consuming healthy fats in moderation?

    <p>To prevent obesity and heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of emphysema on the lungs?

    <p>Reduced surface area for gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of minerals in the body?

    <p>To help in various body functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of water in the body?

    <p>To facilitate chemical reactions in cells and help blood carry nutrients and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which oxygen diffuses into the blood?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exchange of gases between the alveoli and blood?

    <p>Gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of poor dietary choices?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the alveoli?

    <p>To facilitate gaseous exchange between the air and blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the seven essential groups of nutrients in a healthy diet?

    <p>Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre, and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of a balanced diet?

    <p>To maintain proper body function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carbohydrates in the body?

    <p>To provide energy for the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the alimentary canal?

    <p>To digest and absorb food nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of digestion involves the physical breakdown of food through chewing, churning, and mashing?

    <p>Mechanical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine?

    <p>To break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates through enzymatic digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the series of muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?

    <p>Amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the rectum?

    <p>To store feces until they are expelled through the anus during defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of expelling undigested and unabsorbed food from the body in the form of feces?

    <p>Egestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the oesophagus?

    <p>To move food down the oesophagus through peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the stomach?

    <p>To secrete gastric juices containing enzymes and hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of absorbing nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the plant cell wall?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelles are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

    <p>To provide structural support and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of thylakoids in chloroplasts?

    <p>To generate energy through the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between plant and animal cells?

    <p>Plant cells have a cell wall, while animal cells do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chlorophyll in chloroplasts?

    <p>To absorb light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the stage in a microscope?

    <p>To place the slide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure formed by the stacking of thylakoids in chloroplasts?

    <p>Grana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a cover slip in a wet mount?

    <p>To prevent air bubbles from forming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms also have cell walls?

    <p>Bacteria and fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which cells become specialized to perform distinct functions?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are found in bone marrow and are essential for tissue maintenance and repair?

    <p>Adult stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organisms that can only be seen with a microscope?

    <p>Unicellular organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct hierarchy of organization in multicellular organisms?

    <p>Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of epithelial cells?

    <p>To cover surfaces and protect the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of staining in microscopic observation?

    <p>To enhance contrast and allow for better visualization of structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of preparation method is used for observing hair, feathers, pollen grains, or dust?

    <p>Dry mount</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of coarse and fine focus knobs in a microscope?

    <p>To adjust the focus of the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>To supply oxygen to the body's cells and remove carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main organ of the respiratory system?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during inhalation?

    <p>The diaphragm contracts and moves downward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exchange of gases between the air and the blood?

    <p>Gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the alveoli?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the muscular organ that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a stroke?

    <p>Loss of function controlled by the affected brain area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the body's cells convert glucose into energy?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the stroma in chloroplasts?

    <p>To convert carbon dioxide into glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of vacuoles in plant cells?

    <p>To store nutrients, waste products, and other substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the shape of plant cells and animal cells?

    <p>Plant cells have a fixed, rectangular shape due to the rigid cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?

    <p>To organize the mitotic spindle during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

    <p>To allow communication and transport between adjacent plant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lysosomes in animal cells?

    <p>To break down cellular waste and debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of peroxisomes in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>To break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of lung cancer?

    <p>Exposure to radon gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of electron microscopes?

    <p>To use beams of electrons for higher magnification and resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the objective lenses in a light microscope?

    <p>To provide multiple magnifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

    <p>To transmit neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the basic functional units of the nervous system?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the eyepiece in a light microscope?

    <p>To provide a final magnification of 10x</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the long, thin, tubular structure that extends from the brainstem down the vertebral column?

    <p>Spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes?

    <p>Bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the brain?

    <p>To process sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bundles of axons that transmit electrical impulses throughout the body?

    <p>Nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Intense fear of gaining weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

    <p>To transport oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove carbon dioxide and waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest artery in the body?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pulmonary circulation?

    <p>To oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of high blood pressure?

    <p>Stroke and heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a blockage in the coronary arteries?

    <p>Heart attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the liver in the digestive system?

    <p>To filter toxins from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of cirrhosis?

    <p>Liver failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms?

    <p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the systemic circulation?

    <p>To deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the alimentary canal?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of diarrhea?

    <p>Undigested food passing too quickly through the large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the digestive system?

    <p>To break down food into small particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes involves the breakdown of large food particles into smaller ones?

    <p>Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the removal of undigested or unwanted particles from the body?

    <p>Egestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs is responsible for the majority of digestion and nutrient absorption?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for open sores that develop on the lining of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, or upper small intestine?

    <p>Ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the digestive system?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the stomach in the digestive system?

    <p>To break down food into small particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of taking food into the body through the mouth?

    <p>Ingestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nervous system?

    <p>To regulate body functions and maintain homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system works closely with the nervous system to coordinate various body functions?

    <p>Endocrine system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of damage to the brain or spinal cord from accidents or injuries?

    <p>Loss of function, such as paralysis or cognitive impairments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the excretory system?

    <p>To remove metabolic waste products generated by the body's cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the kidneys in the excretory system?

    <p>To filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Progressive loss of neural function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of substance abuse on the brain?

    <p>It can cause irreversible brain damage and memory loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cell wall in plant cells?

    <p>To provide structural support and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the plant cell wall?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of thylakoids in chloroplasts?

    <p>To generate energy through light-dependent reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique to plant cell walls compared to other organisms?

    <p>The composition of cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chlorophyll in chloroplasts?

    <p>To absorb light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cell wall in regulating the internal environment of the plant cell?

    <p>To regulate the entry and exit of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between plant and animal cells?

    <p>The presence of a cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the digestive system?

    <p>To break down food into small particles that can be absorbed into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the esophagus in the digestive system?

    <p>To move chewed food from the mouth to the stomach through peristaltic contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of taking food into the body through the mouth?

    <p>Ingestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tube-like structure that extends from the mouth to the anus in the digestive system?

    <p>Alimentary canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the large intestine in the digestive system?

    <p>To absorb water and salts from indigestible food matter and compact it into feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the removal of undigested or unwanted particles from the body as feces?

    <p>Egestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the organs that together form the alimentary canal in the digestive system?

    <p>Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, rectum, anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for open sores that develop on the lining of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, or upper small intestine?

    <p>Ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine?

    <p>To produce certain vitamins like Vitamin K and some B vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the diaphragm in a microscope?

    <p>To control the amount of light reaching the specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of wet mounting in preparing specimens for microscopic observation?

    <p>To observe living organisms and aquatic samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

    <p>The number of cells they have</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of stem cells in the body?

    <p>To divide and differentiate into various specialized cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which cells become specialized to perform distinct functions?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Serious health issues such as kidney damage, heart problems, and even death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of epithelial cells in the body?

    <p>To cover surfaces and protect the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hierarchy of organization in multicellular organisms?

    <p>Cells, tissues, organs, systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of staining in preparing specimens for microscopic observation?

    <p>To enhance contrast and allow for better visualization of structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

    <p>To ensure continuous blood flow to and from the lungs and the rest of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pulmonary circulation?

    <p>To oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of muscle cells in the body?

    <p>To contract and relax to enable movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of nerve cells in the body?

    <p>To transmit electrical signals throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of high blood pressure?

    <p>Can lead to heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and other serious health problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during a heart attack?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a stroke?

    <p>The brain tissue is unable to get oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the stroma in plant cells?

    <p>Converting carbon dioxide into glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

    <p>Where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of blood?

    <p>Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chlorophyll in plant cells?

    <p>Capturing light energy for photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vacuoles in plant cells?

    <p>Storing nutrients and waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of systemic circulation?

    <p>To deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between plant and animal cells in terms of shape and structure?

    <p>Plant cells are rectangular and rigid, while animal cells are irregular and flexible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?

    <p>Organizing the mitotic spindle during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

    <p>Facilitating intercellular communication and transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysosomes in animal cells?

    <p>Breaking down cellular waste and debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of peroxisomes in both plant and animal cells?

    <p>Detoxifying harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do electron microscopes differ from light microscopes?

    <p>Electron microscopes use beams of electrons, while light microscopes use visible light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the eyepiece (ocular lens) in a light microscope?

    <p>Magnifying the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the excretory system?

    <p>To remove metabolic waste products from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system works closely with the nervous system to coordinate various body functions?

    <p>Endocrine system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of damage to the brain or spinal cord from accidents or injuries?

    <p>Paralysis or cognitive impairments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of a stroke?

    <p>Sudden numbness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a degenerative disorder that causes progressive loss of neural function?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major health issue involving the nervous system?

    <p>Sensory organ disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the kidneys in the excretory system?

    <p>To filter blood to remove waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of substance abuse on the nervous system?

    <p>Irreversible brain damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system?

    <p>To supply oxygen to the body's cells and remove carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the respiratory system is responsible for filtering the air we breathe?

    <p>Nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of breathing in?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the diaphragm relaxing and moving upward during the process of breathing?

    <p>The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the respiratory system?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which oxygen is used to convert glucose and other nutrients into ATP?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air we breathe and the bloodstream?

    <p>Gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a blockage in a blood vessel in the brain?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of lung cancer?

    <p>Smoking, exposure to radon gas, asbestos, and severe air pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of bronchitis?

    <p>Persistent coughing and difficulty breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the brain in the nervous system?

    <p>To process sensory information, initiate responses, store memories, and generate thoughts and emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit electrical impulses throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli in the nervous system?

    <p>Reflex actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

    <p>To transmit nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of regular exercise, avoiding smoking and pollutants, and maintaining good hygiene in relation to the respiratory system?

    <p>To protect the respiratory system from many common disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes?

    <p>Bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chemical bonds?

    <p>To hold atoms together in a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the subscript in a chemical formula indicate?

    <p>The number of each type of atom in a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are elements arranged in the Periodic Table?

    <p>In order of increasing atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do metals, non-metals, and semi-metals have in common?

    <p>They are all classified by their position on the Periodic Table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the chemical symbol of an element?

    <p>To distinguish one element from another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a chemical reaction?

    <p>The formation of new products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is typically included on a tile in the Periodic Table?

    <p>The element's atomic number and symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a metal, a non-metal, and a semi-metal?

    <p>Their physical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Periodic Table?

    <p>To show the relationships between elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the Russian chemist who proposed the original Periodic Table?

    <p>Dmitri Mendeleev</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a molecule?

    <p>A cluster of atoms that are bonded together in a specific manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of elements?

    <p>Made up of only one kind of atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest repeating unit that represents a compound's composition in a crystal lattice?

    <p>Formula unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of compounds?

    <p>Made up of two or more different kinds of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a diatomic molecule?

    <p>Oxygen (O₂)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the atoms in a compound?

    <p>They are combined in a fixed ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the fixed ratio of atoms in a compound?

    <p>It gives the compound its unique properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between water (H₂O) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)?

    <p>They have different ratios of hydrogen to oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coefficients in a chemical equation?

    <p>To indicate the number of molecules or atoms involved in a reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the small number written below and to the right of a chemical symbol in a formula?

    <p>Subscript</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of equation that uses chemical symbols and formulae to represent the reactants and products?

    <p>Chemical equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of ensuring that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of a chemical equation?

    <p>Balancing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen?

    <p>Rust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a picture equation?

    <p>To visually represent the reactants and products using submicroscopic diagrams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the substances present before a chemical reaction?

    <p>Reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction?

    <p>Products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a word equation?

    <p>To represent the word names of reactants and products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rearrangement of atoms in which one or more compounds are transformed into new compounds?

    <p>Chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of elements in the same group?

    <p>Similar electron configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between lithium and water?

    <p>Lithium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IUPAC name for the compound CO₂?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rule for naming compounds containing only non-metals?

    <p>The element further to the left on the Periodic Table is named first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prefix used to indicate two atoms in a compound?

    <p>di-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IUPAC name for the compound FeS?

    <p>Iron sulfide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide?

    <p>NaOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction between potassium and water?

    <p>2K + 2H₂O → 2KOH + H₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IUPAC naming system used for?

    <p>Standardizing the names of compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the IUPAC naming system?

    <p>To avoid confusion in naming compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a chemical reaction?

    <p>A process in which substances are transformed into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the level of representation at which we can observe substances and their changes with our senses?

    <p>Macroscopic level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the level of representation that involves imagining or visualizing the particles that make up substances?

    <p>Submicroscopic level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the level of representation that uses chemical symbols and formulae to represent substances and the changes they undergo during chemical reactions?

    <p>Symbolic level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound?

    <p>Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that undergoes change during a chemical reaction?

    <p>Reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction?

    <p>Product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a process in which substances are transformed into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds?

    <p>Chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form water?

    <p>2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulae?

    <p>Chemical equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general word equation for the reaction of metals with oxygen?

    <p>metal + oxygen → metal oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct chemical equation for the reaction of magnesium with oxygen?

    <p>2Mg + O2 → 2MgO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gradual destruction of materials, usually metals, by chemical reaction with their environment?

    <p>Corrosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of rust?

    <p>Iron oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the reaction of iron with oxygen?

    <p>4Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for materials or coatings that prevent or slow down the formation of rust?

    <p>Rust-resistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general chemical equation for Group 2 metals reacting with oxygen?

    <p>2M + O2 → 2MO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for the reaction of sodium with oxygen?

    <p>4Na + O2 → 2Na2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flaky, crusty, reddish-brown product that forms on iron when it reacts with oxygen in the air?

    <p>Rust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of rust formation?

    <p>Reaction of iron with oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the combustion reaction of iron?

    <p>Iron(III) oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fine steel threads in the combustion reaction of iron?

    <p>To increase the surface area for the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a balanced equation?

    <p>An equation where the number and type of atoms are the same on both reactant and product sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>Count the atoms on both sides of the equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the device used to produce a brief burst of bright light to illuminate a subject in photography?

    <p>Camera flash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the combustion reaction of magnesium?

    <p>Magnesium oxide, a white powdery substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rule for changing chemical formulas in balancing an equation?

    <p>Change only the coefficients, not the subscripts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combustion reaction of iron with oxygen?

    <p>A chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat and light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbolic representation of the combustion reaction of magnesium?

    <p>2Mg + O2 → 2MgO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxygen in the combustion reaction of magnesium?

    <p>To react with magnesium to form magnesium oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visual effect of burning iron or steel wool in air?

    <p>A bright orange spark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the demonstration of burning iron in air?

    <p>To show the combustion reaction of iron with oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the safety precautions in the demonstration of the combustion reaction of magnesium?

    <p>To prevent the release of heat and light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chemical reaction expressed in words?

    <p>Word equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using steel wool in the demonstration of burning iron in air?

    <p>To increase the surface area of the iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the combustion reaction of magnesium being highly exothermic?

    <p>The reaction releases a large amount of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reaction of a substance with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of light and heat?

    <p>Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the macroscopic representation of the combustion reaction of magnesium?

    <p>To observe the reaction on a large scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>The number and type of atoms are the same on both sides of the equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of balancing chemical equations?

    <p>To ensure that the equation is a representation of the real chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coating iron with chromium?

    <p>To prevent rust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction between zinc and oxygen?

    <p>2Zn + O2 → 2ZnO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of zinc oxide that makes it effective in preventing rust?

    <p>It is non-porous and forms a dense protective layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is rusting accelerated?

    <p>In moist or corrosive environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general reaction of non-metals with oxygen?

    <p>Non-metal + oxygen → non-metal oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word equation for the reaction of carbon with oxygen?

    <p>Carbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for the reaction of sulfur with oxygen?

    <p>S + O2 → SO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light?

    <p>Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of galvanising with zinc?

    <p>To prevent rust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common use of galvanised products?

    <p>In construction and household items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that accelerates the rusting process in iron?

    <p>Moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed when sulfur reacts with oxygen?

    <p>Sulfur dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using sulfur dioxide in dried fruits and wine production?

    <p>To preserve quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common preventative measure against rusting?

    <p>Galvanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for the reaction of sulfur with oxygen?

    <p>S + O2 → SO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide?

    <p>Oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a corrosive environment?

    <p>High humidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phosphorus pentoxide?

    <p>A compound formed when phosphorus reacts with oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of applying a coating to iron or steel?

    <p>To prevent rusting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word equation for the reaction of phosphorus with oxygen?

    <p>phosphorus + oxygen → phosphorus pentoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the systematic name for water?

    <p>dihydrogen monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a rust-resistant alloy?

    <p>Stainless steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of coating a metal with a layer of zinc to prevent rusting?

    <p>Galvanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen?

    <p>2H2 + O2 → 2H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the oxide formed when carbon reacts with oxygen?

    <p>carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a limitation of using paint as a rust preventative measure?

    <p>It can be scratched or peeled off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why materials like wood or aluminum are preferred over iron or steel in certain environments?

    <p>They are resistant to rust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for the reaction of sulfur with oxygen in terms of reactants and products?

    <p>sulfur + oxygen → sulfur dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of controlled amounts of sulfur dioxide in preservation?

    <p>It is toxic in large amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which iron or steel reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide, resulting in a loss of structural integrity?

    <p>Rusting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the combustion reaction of carbon with oxygen?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the non-metal oxide formed when sulfur reacts with oxygen?

    <p>Sulfur dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for electricity generation using coal?

    <p>Combustion reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light?

    <p>Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visual representation of the reaction of carbon with oxygen?

    <p>An image of coal burning in a fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the environmental implication of the combustion of carbon (coal) in power stations?

    <p>Release of carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reactant that combines with carbon to form carbon dioxide?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the flame produced when sulfur reacts with oxygen?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a compound formed when a non-metal reacts with oxygen?

    <p>Non-metal oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding the combustion reaction of carbon with oxygen?

    <p>It provides insights into the benefits and environmental impact of electricity generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental characteristic of compounds?

    <p>They are made up of two or more different kinds of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest repeating unit that represents a compound's composition in a crystal lattice?

    <p>Formula unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of atoms in a compound?

    <p>Fixed and unique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of elements that exist as diatomic molecules?

    <p>They consist of two atoms of the same element bonded together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between water (H₂O) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)?

    <p>They have different ratios of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice?

    <p>Regular, repeating pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of combining atoms in a specific ratio?

    <p>The formation of a compound with unique properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of molecules that distinguishes them from elements?

    <p>They are made up of two or more different kinds of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the formation of chemical bonds?

    <p>Atoms achieve a more stable configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by the subscript in a chemical formula?

    <p>The number of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with proposing the original version of the Periodic Table?

    <p>Dmitri Mendeleev</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether an element is a metal, non-metal, or semi-metal on the Periodic Table?

    <p>Its position on the table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of elements on the Periodic Table based on?

    <p>Increasing atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a chemical formula?

    <p>To indicate the composition of a compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between water (H₂O) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)?

    <p>Their ratios of hydrogen and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound?

    <p>Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which level of representation can we observe substances and their changes with our senses?

    <p>Macroscopic Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the substances present before a chemical reaction?

    <p>Reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Periodic Table in chemistry?

    <p>To organize elements in a systematic way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of representation that involves imagining or visualizing the particles that make up substances?

    <p>Submicroscopic Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique to each compound?

    <p>Its chemical formula and name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for water?

    <p>H₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of elements in the same group?

    <p>They have similar electron configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that undergoes change during a chemical reaction?

    <p>Reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the alkali metal that reacts explosively with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of representation that uses chemical symbols and formulae to represent substances?

    <p>Symbolic Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the IUPAC naming system?

    <p>To provide a standardized method for naming compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process in which substances are transformed into different substances through the breaking and forming of bonds?

    <p>Chemical Reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction?

    <p>Product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suffix added to the non-metal element in a compound containing a metal and a non-metal?

    <p>-ide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the compound with the formula CO₂?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form water?

    <p>2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of representation that involves observing the reaction: Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas combine, often with a visible flame or explosion, producing water?

    <p>Macroscopic Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rule followed when naming compounds containing only non-metals?

    <p>The element further to the left on the Periodic Table is named first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prefix used to indicate two atoms of an element in a compound?

    <p>di-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the compound with the formula SO₃?

    <p>Sulfur trioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the IUPAC naming system in chemistry?

    <p>To avoid confusion and ensure precise communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a chemical equation?

    <p>To symbolically represent a chemical reaction using chemical formulae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the compound with the formula NaCl?

    <p>Sodium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a coefficient in a chemical equation?

    <p>To indicate the number of molecules or atoms involved in a reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a subscript in a chemical formula?

    <p>To indicate the number of atoms of each element in a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a balanced equation?

    <p>An equation that accurately represents the conservation of mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between reactants and products in a chemical reaction?

    <p>Reactants are the substances that undergo change during the reaction, while products are the substances formed as a result of the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of representing chemical reactions?

    <p>To understand how substances interact and transform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chemical reaction?

    <p>A rearrangement of atoms in which one or more compounds are transformed into new compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of word equations?

    <p>To represent a chemical reaction using the names of the reactants and products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rust?

    <p>A common term for iron oxide, formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of picture equations?

    <p>To visually represent the reactants and products in a chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when a substance combines with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of light and heat?

    <p>Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the dulling or discoloration of metal due to a chemical reaction, usually involving oxygen or sulfur?

    <p>Tarnish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of counting the atoms in a chemical reaction?

    <p>To balance the equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rule for balancing chemical equations?

    <p>Change only the coefficients of chemical formulas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the combustion reaction between iron and oxygen?

    <p>Orange sparks are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the wire wool made of very fine steel threads?

    <p>Steel wool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of spinning steel wool during a combustion reaction?

    <p>To increase the surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the observation when iron shavings are placed in a Bunsen burner flame?

    <p>They produce sparks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of light and heat?

    <p>Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of balancing chemical equations?

    <p>To ensure the same number and type of atoms on both sides of the equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed when phosphorus reacts with oxygen?

    <p>Phosphorus pentoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a chemical reaction that involves a substance reacting with oxygen to produce heat and light?

    <p>Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy generated in a coal-powered power station?

    <p>Chemical energy from coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of rust?

    <p>Iron oxide (Fe₂O₃)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accelerates the rusting process?

    <p>Moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general word equation for the reaction of metals with oxygen?

    <p>metal + oxygen → metal oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct formed when carbon reacts with oxygen?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for the reaction of magnesium with oxygen?

    <p>2Mg + O2 → 2MgO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of rusting on metal objects?

    <p>It degrades their structural integrity and appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visual representation of carbon reacting with oxygen in the air?

    <p>A piece of coal burning in a fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a method to prevent rusting?

    <p>Applying a protective barrier, such as paint or oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general chemical equation for Group 2 metals reacting with oxygen?

    <p>2M + O2 → 2MO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compound is formed when a non-metal reacts with oxygen?

    <p>Non-metal oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of galvanization?

    <p>To make the metal more resistant to rust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for the reaction of iron with oxygen?

    <p>4Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coal in a coal-powered power station?

    <p>To generate electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rust?

    <p>A flaky, crusty, reddish-brown product that forms on iron when it reacts with oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are materials like wood or aluminum preferred near the ocean?

    <p>They are more resistant to corrosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when coal undergoes a combustion reaction?

    <p>It releases a significant amount of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is corrosion?

    <p>The gradual destruction of materials, usually metals, by chemical reaction with their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the combustion reaction of iron?

    <p>Iron(III) oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chromium in preventing rust?

    <p>It provides a protective barrier on the metal surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of acidic environments on rusting?

    <p>It speeds up the rusting process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the chemical equations for Group 1 metals and Group 2 metals reacting with oxygen?

    <p>Group 1 metals form oxides with the formula M2O, while Group 2 metals form oxides with the formula MO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy released during the combustion reaction of iron observed as?

    <p>Light and heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coefficients in chemical equations?

    <p>To balance the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reactant that combines with oxygen to form iron oxide?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common problem with painted metal?

    <p>It can be scratched or peel off, exposing the metal underneath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of alloying?

    <p>To make the metal more resistant to rust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of rust formation?

    <p>Corrosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coating iron with chromium?

    <p>To make it more rust-resistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using fine steel threads in the combustion reaction of iron?

    <p>To increase the surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is steel commonly used in construction?

    <p>It is strong and requires protective measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction that occurs when zinc reacts with oxygen?

    <p>Zn + O2 → ZnO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between rust and corrosion?

    <p>Rust is a type of corrosion that occurs on iron, while corrosion is a more general term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the device used to produce a brief burst of bright light to illuminate a subject in photography?

    <p>Camera flash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use of galvanised products?

    <p>Construction and household items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the reaction of magnesium with oxygen?

    <p>Highly exothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accelerates rusting?

    <p>Moist or corrosive environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the combustion reaction of magnesium?

    <p>Magnesium oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for the combustion reaction of magnesium?

    <p>2Mg + O2 → 2MgO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general word equation for the reaction of non-metals with oxygen?

    <p>Non-metal + Oxygen → Non-metal Oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the way to represent the reaction of magnesium with oxygen at the macroscopic level?

    <p>With a description</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between carbon and oxygen?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide (CO2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using magnesium powder in early camera flashes?

    <p>It was used to produce a bright flash of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for the reaction between carbon and oxygen?

    <p>C + O2 → CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of zinc oxide in galvanising?

    <p>To react with oxygen and form a protective layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common example of a galvanised product?

    <p>Galvanised Panels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of elements in the same group?

    <p>They have similar electron configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction between lithium and water?

    <p>2Li + 2H₂O → 2LiOH + H₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the IUPAC naming system?

    <p>To assign unique names to compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rule for naming compounds containing only non-metals?

    <p>The element further to the left on the Periodic Table is named first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IUPAC name for the compound CO?

    <p>Carbon monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IUPAC name for the compound SO₃?

    <p>Sulfur trioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of molecules?

    <p>They always consist of two or more different kinds of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reactant that produces hydrogen gas in the reaction of alkali metals with water?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a compound that forms a crystal lattice?

    <p>Sodium chloride (table salt)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the reaction between potassium and water?

    <p>It produces an explosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of compound that contains a metal and a non-metal?

    <p>Ionic compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the smallest repeating unit of a compound that represents its composition?

    <p>Formula unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suffix used to indicate the presence of oxygen in a compound?

    <p>-oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements naturally exists as a diatomic molecule?

    <p>Hydrogen (H₂)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the ratio of atoms in a compound?

    <p>Fixed and specific to the compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between water (H₂O) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)?

    <p>The number of oxygen atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the composition of element molecules?

    <p>They are composed of only one kind of atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the combination of atoms in a compound?

    <p>A molecule with unique properties is formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound?

    <p>Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of representation involves imagining or visualizing the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up substances?

    <p>Submicroscopic Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that undergoes change during a chemical reaction?

    <p>Reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of representation that uses chemical symbols and formulae to represent substances and the changes they undergo during chemical reactions?

    <p>Symbolic Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process in which substances are transformed into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds?

    <p>Chemical Reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the chemical reaction between hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂) to form water (H₂O)?

    <p>2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which level can we observe substances and their changes with our senses?

    <p>Macroscopic Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction?

    <p>Product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of representation involves using models or simulations to understand the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up substances?

    <p>Submicroscopic Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the representation of the chemical formula for water, indicating the ratio and type of atoms in a water molecule?

    <p>H₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chemical equation?

    <p>A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a coefficient in a chemical equation?

    <p>To indicate the number of molecules or atoms involved in a reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a subscript in a chemical equation?

    <p>To indicate the number of atoms of an element in a molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reactant in a chemical reaction?

    <p>A substance that undergoes change during a reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a product in a chemical reaction?

    <p>A substance that is formed as a result of a reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a word equation?

    <p>A representation of a chemical reaction using the names of the reactants and products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a picture equation?

    <p>A diagram showing the reactants and products of a chemical reaction using submicroscopic diagrams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>The number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rust?

    <p>A common term for iron oxide, formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a chemical equation?

    <p>To represent a chemical reaction symbolically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chemical bonds in a compound?

    <p>To hold the atoms in a compound together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the subscript in a chemical formula?

    <p>To indicate the number of atoms in a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table based on?

    <p>Increasing atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of metals in the Periodic Table?

    <p>They are found on the left-hand side and top of the table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the chemical symbol in the Periodic Table?

    <p>To identify the element's name and atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and water (H₂O)?

    <p>The number of oxygen atoms in the molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical reaction that occurs when a substance combines with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of light and heat?

    <p>Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which compounds are formed?

    <p>Chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of making a chemical equation balanced?

    <p>Balancing the coefficients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Periodic Table in chemistry?

    <p>To organize elements in a systematic way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a dulling or discoloration of metal due to a chemical reaction, usually involving oxygen or sulfur?

    <p>Tarnish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of semi-metals (metalloids) in the Periodic Table?

    <p>They are found between metals and non-metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the information typically included in a tile on the Periodic Table?

    <p>The chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rule for balancing chemical equations?

    <p>Change only coefficients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the combustion reaction of iron with oxygen?

    <p>It creates a bright orange spark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of steel?

    <p>Iron and carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using steel wool in combustion reactions?

    <p>To create a larger surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the demonstration of burning iron in air?

    <p>It creates an orange spark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reactant in the combustion reaction of iron?

    <p>Iron (Fe)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the combustion reaction of magnesium?

    <p>Magnesium oxide (MgO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the wire wool made of very fine steel threads?

    <p>Steel wool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of chemical reaction that occurs when iron reacts with oxygen?

    <p>Combustion reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen?

    <p>Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbolic representation of the combustion reaction of magnesium?

    <p>2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using fine steel threads in the combustion reaction of iron?

    <p>To increase the surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the device used to produce a brief burst of bright light in photography?

    <p>Camera Flash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the combustion reaction of magnesium?

    <p>A bright white flame and a white ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the submicroscopic representation of the reactants in the combustion reaction of magnesium?

    <p>Magnesium atoms and oxygen molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which magnesium reacts rapidly with oxygen in the air?

    <p>Combustion Process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of representing a chemical reaction in multiple ways?

    <p>To enhance understanding from different perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of rust?

    <p>Iron oxide (Fe₂O₃)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition required for rust to form?

    <p>Presence of oxygen and moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accelerates the rusting process?

    <p>Moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coatings in preventing rust?

    <p>To prevent moisture and oxygen from reaching the metal surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed when phosphorus reacts with oxygen?

    <p>Phosphorus pentoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of rusting on metal structures?

    <p>It degrades their structural integrity and appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of galvanization?

    <p>To provide a protective barrier and sacrificial anode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light?

    <p>Combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are materials like wood or aluminum preferred over iron or steel in corrosive environments?

    <p>They do not rust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of compound formed when a non-metal reacts with oxygen?

    <p>Non-metal oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of alloying in preventing rust?

    <p>To create rust-resistant alloys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fuel source commonly used for generating electricity?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed when sulfur reacts with oxygen?

    <p>Sulfur dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when iron reacts with oxygen in the air?

    <p>It forms hydrated iron oxide, commonly known as rust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of protective measures in preventing rust?

    <p>To prevent rusting and enhance the longevity and durability of metal structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction that occurs when coal burns in air?

    <p>Combustion reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coal-powered power stations?

    <p>To generate electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of reaction that occurs when carbon reacts with oxygen?

    <p>Combustion reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the metal underneath when paint is scratched or peeled off?

    <p>It is exposed to rust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is chromium coating effective in preventing rust?

    <p>It forms a dense protective layer that prevents further oxidation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for the reaction of zinc with oxygen?

    <p>2Zn + O2 → 2ZnO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of galvanizing iron with zinc?

    <p>To protect it from rusting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of rusting in environments with high humidity or corrosive substances?

    <p>It accelerates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general word equation for the reaction of non-metals with oxygen?

    <p>Non-metal + oxygen → non-metal oxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for the reaction of carbon with oxygen?

    <p>C + O2 → CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of galvanized products in various applications?

    <p>To provide added strength and rust resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of corrosive substances on the rate of rusting?

    <p>It accelerates the rate of rusting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of zinc oxide in preventing rust?

    <p>It forms a dense protective layer that prevents further oxidation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general word equation for the reaction of metals with oxygen?

    <p>metal + oxygen → metal oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the picture equation representing?

    <p>A chemical reaction represented with particle diagrams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coefficients in chemical equations?

    <p>To ensure the number of atoms for each element is equal on both sides of the equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general chemical equation for Group 2 metals reacting with oxygen?

    <p>2M + O2 → 2MO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the oxide formed when metals in Group 1 react with oxygen?

    <p>M2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of rust formation?

    <p>A type of corrosion where the metal deteriorates due to a chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rust?

    <p>A flaky, crusty, reddish-brown substance that forms on iron when it reacts with oxygen in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the reaction of iron with oxygen and the reaction of magnesium with oxygen?

    <p>The reaction of iron with oxygen produces iron oxide, while the reaction of magnesium with oxygen produces magnesium oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of balancing chemical equations?

    <p>To ensure the number of atoms for each element is equal on both sides of the equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is corrosion?

    <p>The gradual destruction of materials, usually metals, by chemical reaction with their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of electricity theft?

    <p>Higher costs for legitimate consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of generating electricity in South Africa?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in generating electricity from coal?

    <p>Pulverization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of hydroelectric power?

    <p>Renewability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a turbine in a power station?

    <p>To convert mechanical energy into electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of generating electricity from the heat of the Earth's interior?

    <p>Geothermal Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of illegal connections overloading the power grid?

    <p>Frequent outages and disruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of promoting legal access programs?

    <p>Improved electricity supply in underserved areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of coal as an energy source?

    <p>Non-renewable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a turbine in electricity generation?

    <p>To convert mechanical energy into electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk associated with exposed wires in illegal connections?

    <p>Electrocution risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of wind power?

    <p>Low operational costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of education campaigns about illegal connections?

    <p>To educate people on the risks of illegal connections and the benefits of legal connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of generating electricity from sunlight?

    <p>Photovoltaic Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of frequent service disruptions caused by illegal connections?

    <p>Economic losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of strengthening regulations and enforcement against illegal connections?

    <p>Deterrent against illegal connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of nuclear power in South Africa?

    <p>Reduced greenhouse gas emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a generator in a power station?

    <p>To convert mechanical energy into electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of portable generators?

    <p>To generate electricity during power outages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of splitting a heavy atomic nucleus into two smaller nuclei?

    <p>Nuclear Fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus transforms into a different element?

    <p>Radioactive decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary fuel used in nuclear power stations?

    <p>Uranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of control rods in a nuclear reactor?

    <p>To regulate the fission process by absorbing excess neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major advantage of nuclear power generation?

    <p>Low greenhouse gas emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage of nuclear power?

    <p>Radioactive waste production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurred at the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant in 2011?

    <p>A partial meltdown and release of radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the network of interacting components that provide electricity across a country?

    <p>National Electricity Grid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the steam generator in a nuclear power plant?

    <p>To boil water to produce steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the cooling system in a nuclear power plant?

    <p>To ensure safe operating temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which two lighter nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus?

    <p>Nuclear fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is energy measured in when calculating power?

    <p>Joules (J)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A kilowatt is equal to how many watts?

    <p>1000 W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you usually find the power rating of an appliance?

    <p>On a label or stamp on the device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of knowing the power rating of an appliance?

    <p>To calculate the energy consumption and cost of using the appliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of power calculated using the formula power = energy / time?

    <p>Watts (W)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an appliance uses 2000 joules of energy in 10 seconds, what is its power?

    <p>200 W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to manage energy usage of appliances?

    <p>To reduce electricity bills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a larger unit of power, equal to 1000 watts?

    <p>Kilowatt (kW)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for a surge in current in a short circuit?

    <p>An unintended low-resistance path is created</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a fuse in a circuit?

    <p>To melt and break the circuit when current exceeds a safe level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an earth leakage circuit breaker?

    <p>To detect any leakage of current to the earth wire and immediately shut off the power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why individuals may resort to illegal electricity connections?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of illegal electricity connections?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a lightning rod?

    <p>To safely channel lightning strikes away from buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of an earth leakage circuit breaker?

    <p>On the main electrical distribution board in homes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of bypassing the monitoring and billing systems managed by electricity providers?

    <p>Unauthorized consumption of electricity, which is essentially theft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of energy equal to one kilowatt of power used for one hour?

    <p>Kilowatt-hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate energy consumption?

    <p>energy = power × time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the tiered tariff system used by Eskom?

    <p>To charge consumers based on their energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of power equal to one joule of energy per second?

    <p>Watt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate at which electrical energy is supplied to or consumed by an electrical device?

    <p>Electrical power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the cost of an appliance?

    <p>cost = power rating × time × price</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conducting a household energy survey?

    <p>To understand the household's energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between energy and power?

    <p>Energy is the amount of energy consumed, while power is the rate of consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the total amount of visible light emitted by a source?

    <p>Lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using kilowatt-hours to measure energy consumption?

    <p>To make the numbers more manageable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transmission lines in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To transmit electricity over long distances at high voltages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of step-up transformers in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To increase voltage levels for efficient transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a power surge on sensitive electronic devices?

    <p>It can cause damage to them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pylons in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To support overhead power lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the national electricity grid?

    <p>To ensure the delivery of electricity from power stations to consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of step-down transformers in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To decrease voltage levels for safe distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of power surges?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Eskom in South Africa?

    <p>To supply electricity to South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of grid monitoring in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To cut off the power supply during a power surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transformers in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To manage voltage levels throughout the grid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of a short circuit?

    <p>An unintended low-resistance path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a fuse?

    <p>To melt and break the circuit when current exceeds a safe level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an earth leakage circuit breaker?

    <p>To detect any leakage of current to the earth wire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motivation behind illegal electricity connections?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a safety hazard associated with illegal electricity connections?

    <p>Fire risk and electrocution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lightning rods?

    <p>To channel lightning strikes away from buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of illegal electricity connections?

    <p>Unauthorized consumption of electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some individuals resort to illegal electricity connections?

    <p>Due to lack of access to legal electricity supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between coal and alternative energy sources?

    <p>Coal is non-renewable, while alternative energy sources are renewable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of hydroelectric power?

    <p>Renewable and sustainable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of generating electricity using nuclear reactions?

    <p>Nuclear fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the commercial nuclear power station in South Africa?

    <p>Koeberg Power Station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of wind power?

    <p>Renewable and zero emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of generating electricity from sunlight?

    <p>Photovoltaic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which heavy atomic nuclei are split to release energy?

    <p>Nuclear fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of portable generators?

    <p>To generate electricity during power outages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process in which an atom's nucleus splits into smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy?

    <p>Nuclear fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of coal as an energy source?

    <p>Environmental pollution and climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for energy produced from controlled nuclear reactions?

    <p>Nuclear power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary fuel used in nuclear power stations due to its slow radioactive decay and ability to undergo fission?

    <p>Uranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the control rods in a nuclear reactor?

    <p>To regulate the fission process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of nuclear power generation compared to fossil fuels in terms of climate change?

    <p>Minimal greenhouse gas emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of nuclear power generation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the location of the nuclear disaster in 2011 that highlighted the importance of stringent safety measures?

    <p>Fukushima-Daiichi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cooling system in a nuclear power plant?

    <p>To ensure safe operating temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the network of interacting components that work together to provide electricity across a country?

    <p>National Electricity Grid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the device that changes the voltage of an electric current in a national electricity grid?

    <p>Transformer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Koeberg Nuclear Power Station located?

    <p>Cape Town, South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of energy equal to one kilowatt of power used for one hour?

    <p>Kilowatt-hour (kWh)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the energy consumption of an appliance?

    <p>energy = power × time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of power equal to one joule of energy per second?

    <p>Watt (W)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the electricity cost calculated for a household?

    <p>cost = power rating × time × price</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of illegal connections on the power grid?

    <p>Frequent outages and disruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate at which electrical energy is supplied or consumed by a device?

    <p>Electrical power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of generating electricity in South Africa?

    <p>Coal power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conducting a household energy survey?

    <p>To understand household energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a turbine in a power station?

    <p>To convert mechanical energy into electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the total amount of visible light emitted by a source?

    <p>Lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of illegal connections on individuals?

    <p>Legal actions and fines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tariff structure used by Eskom to charge consumers?

    <p>Tiered tariff system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of promoting legal access programs?

    <p>To provide legal access to electricity for underserved communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of energy-efficient appliances?

    <p>To reduce energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk associated with exposed wires in illegal connections?

    <p>Electrocution risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of energy consumption used for monthly energy bills?

    <p>Kilowatt-hour (kWh)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary solution to address the issue of illegal connections?

    <p>Strengthening regulations and enforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of illegal connections on the economy?

    <p>Higher costs for legitimate consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transmission lines in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To carry electricity across long distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of step-up transformers in the grid?

    <p>To increase voltage and decrease current for efficient transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a generator in a power station?

    <p>To convert mechanical energy into electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of power surges on electronic devices?

    <p>They can cause damage to sensitive electronic devices and circuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental risk associated with illegal connections?

    <p>Fire hazard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pylons in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To support overhead power lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Eskom in South Africa?

    <p>To supply electricity as the primary electricity supplier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a tiered tariff in electricity pricing?

    <p>To increase the rate as consumption levels increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of step-down transformers in the grid?

    <p>To decrease voltage and increase current for safe distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of energy loss during transmission?

    <p>Resistance in transmission lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which power stations generate electricity?

    <p>Burning coal to produce steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of grid monitoring in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To monitor voltage levels and cut off the power supply during a surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for power?

    <p>Watts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for power?

    <p>Power = Energy / Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of 1 kilowatt?

    <p>1000 watts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you typically find the power rating of an appliance?

    <p>On a label or stamp on the appliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of knowing the power rating of an appliance?

    <p>To calculate the energy consumption and cost of using the appliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for energy?

    <p>Joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for 1 joule per second?

    <p>1 watt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the power rating of the electric pan mentioned in the example?

    <p>1400 W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an unintended low-resistance path is created in an electrical circuit?

    <p>A surge in current occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fuses in electrical circuits?

    <p>To melt and break the circuit when current exceeds a safe level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lightning rods?

    <p>To safely channel lightning strikes away from buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do individuals resort to illegal electricity connections?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk associated with illegal electricity connections?

    <p>Fire risk and electrocution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of earth leakage circuit breakers?

    <p>To detect leakage of current to the earth wire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of illegal electricity connections?

    <p>Unauthorized consumption of electricity, essentially theft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of earth leakage circuit breakers?

    <p>On the main electrical distribution board in homes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of illegal electricity connections?

    <p>Frequent power outages and disruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible solution to illegal electricity connections?

    <p>Promoting programs for legal access to electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of generating electricity in South Africa?

    <p>Converting coal into electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy?

    <p>Generator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for sources of energy that are not derived from fossil fuels?

    <p>Alternative energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk associated with illegal electricity connections?

    <p>Increased risk of electrocution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen when there is an overload on the power grid due to illegal connections?

    <p>Frequent power outages and disruptions occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are education campaigns important in addressing illegal electricity connections?

    <p>To educate people on the risks of illegal connections and the benefits of safe, legal electricity access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of illegal electricity connections on the community?

    <p>Higher costs for legitimate consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a power station?

    <p>To generate electrical power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a turbine in a coal-fired power plant?

    <p>To generate electricity as it spins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the environmental disadvantage of using coal as an energy source?

    <p>It contributes to environmental pollution and climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of generating electricity using falling water?

    <p>Hydroelectric power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using wind power as an energy source?

    <p>It is a renewable energy source with low operational costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a generator in a power plant?

    <p>To convert mechanical energy into electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a hydroelectric power plant?

    <p>To generate electricity using the potential energy of stored water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using solar power as an energy source?

    <p>It is an abundant and renewable energy source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a portable generator?

    <p>To provide a temporary source of electricity during power outages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of generating electricity using nuclear reactions?

    <p>Nuclear power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of alternative energy sources?

    <p>They have a lower environmental impact compared to fossil fuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of energy equal to one kilowatt of power used for one hour?

    <p>Kilowatt-hour (kWh)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate energy consumption?

    <p>energy = power x time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conducting a household energy survey?

    <p>To understand the electrical power consumption of appliances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate at which electrical energy is supplied or consumed by a device?

    <p>Electrical power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of power equal to one joule of energy per second?

    <p>Watt (W)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of calculating the cost of energy consumption?

    <p>Calculating electricity costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which an unstable nucleus transforms into a different element, emitting radiation?

    <p>Radioactive decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Eskom's tiered tariff system?

    <p>To charge higher rates for higher energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using energy-efficient appliances?

    <p>They consume less energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of nuclear power?

    <p>Low greenhouse gas emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the cost of an appliance?

    <p>cost = power rating x time x price</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary fuel used in a nuclear power station?

    <p>Uranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the total amount of visible light emitted by a source?

    <p>Lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of control rods in a nuclear reactor?

    <p>To regulate the fission process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of nuclear power over fossil fuels?

    <p>Lower greenhouse gas emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an uncontrolled nuclear fission reaction?

    <p>A nuclear meltdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the cooling system in a nuclear power station?

    <p>To ensure safe operating temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of nuclear power?

    <p>Radioactive waste production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which two lighter nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus?

    <p>Nuclear fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nuclear reactor vessel?

    <p>To contain the uranium fuel rods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for power?

    <p>Watts (W)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of 1 kilowatt?

    <p>1000 watts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of transmission lines in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To transport electricity over long distances at high voltages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you typically find the power rating of an appliance?

    <p>On a label or stamp on the appliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of step-up transformers in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To increase voltage and decrease current for efficient transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of power surges in the national electricity grid?

    <p>Lightning strikes and faulty wiring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for energy?

    <p>Joules (J)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of knowing the power rating of an appliance?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of surge protectors in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To absorb excess voltage and safeguard appliances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transformers in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To manage voltage levels throughout the grid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate power?

    <p>power = energy / time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pylons in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To support overhead power lines and ensure they remain elevated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the power rating of the electric pan mentioned in the example?

    <p>1400 W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for time in the formula for power?

    <p>Seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of power stations in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To generate electricity from various sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of grid monitoring in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To monitor voltage levels and prevent power surges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of step-down transformers in the national electricity grid?

    <p>To decrease voltage and increase current for safe distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the national electricity grid?

    <p>To ensure the delivery of electricity from power stations to consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for force?

    <p>Newton (N)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a force on an object's shape?

    <p>It changes the object's shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an object's velocity changes over time due to a force?

    <p>It accelerates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of action and reaction forces?

    <p>An equal and opposite force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net force when multiple forces act on an object?

    <p>The combined effect of the forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when balanced forces act on an object?

    <p>The object remains stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the net force when unbalanced forces act on an object?

    <p>In the direction of the greater force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of unbalanced forces acting on an object?

    <p>The object accelerates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the normal force exerted by a surface on an object?

    <p>Perpendicular to the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the spring balance in measuring force?

    <p>To measure the magnitude of the force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of force is friction?

    <p>Contact force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the forces pushing an object forward are greater than the frictional force?

    <p>The object accelerates in the direction of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of friction in vehicle safety?

    <p>It prevents the vehicle from skidding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the frictional force acting on a moving object?

    <p>Opposite to the direction of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of force is tension?

    <p>Contact force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following forces acts over a distance without direct physical contact between objects?

    <p>Field (non-contact) forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net force when an object is pulled with a force of 10 N to the left and pushed with a force of 6 N to the right?

    <p>4 N to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of force exists between any two objects with mass?

    <p>Gravitational force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between friction and the normal force?

    <p>Friction is proportional to the normal force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of arrows in representing forces?

    <p>To show the direction of the force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when an object is being squashed or deformed by forces acting towards each other?

    <p>Compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the weight of an object?

    <p>W = m x g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of force is responsible for the attraction between opposite poles of a magnet?

    <p>Magnetic force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of gravitational force?

    <p>Always attractive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of friction between two objects, leading to the transfer of electrons?

    <p>One object becomes positively charged and the other negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that acts on an object due to the gravitational pull of the Earth?

    <p>Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of forces do bridges experience due to the weight of vehicles passing over them?

    <p>Both compression and tension forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the forces that act over a distance without direct physical contact between objects?

    <p>Non-contact forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic shared by gravitational force, magnetic force, and electrostatic force?

    <p>They are all non-contact forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can electrostatic force be visualized?

    <p>By using iron filings or drawing field lines from positive to negative charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a salt bridge in a voltaic cell?

    <p>To connect the oxidation and reduction half-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the electrolyte in an electric cell?

    <p>To produce an electrically conducting solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an electric cell?

    <p>To convert chemical energy into electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an electric cell and a battery?

    <p>An electric cell is a single device, while a battery is a group of two or more electric cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the copper nail in the lemon battery experiment?

    <p>To act as an electrode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the salt bridge in a zinc-copper cell?

    <p>To allow the flow of ions between the two solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the zinc electrode in a zinc-copper cell?

    <p>Zinc metal loses electrons and goes into the solution as zinc ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of creating a simple lemon battery?

    <p>To demonstrate the principle of electric cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the electrostatic force represented by field lines?

    <p>From positive to negative charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of resistance?

    <p>A measure of how much a material opposes the flow of electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of electric cells that distinguishes them from mechanical generators?

    <p>They rely on chemical reactions to generate electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of delocalised electrons in a conductor?

    <p>They are not associated with a particular atom and can move freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance described by?

    <p>Ohm's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a resistor in an electrical circuit?

    <p>To add resistance to the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for resistance?

    <p>Ohms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor?

    <p>Electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for materials that allow electric charge to flow through them easily?

    <p>Conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an ammeter or voltmeter in a zinc-copper cell?

    <p>To measure the electric current or voltage of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a series circuit?

    <p>To provide only one path for electric current to move through the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for resistors heating up during use?

    <p>Electrons moving through a conductor collide with the atoms of the material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a series and a parallel circuit?

    <p>A series circuit has only one path for electric current, while a parallel circuit has multiple paths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a rheostat in a circuit?

    <p>To adjust the current in the circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the potential difference across a component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cells are connected in series?

    <p>The total voltage increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a resistor in a circuit with an LED?

    <p>To control the current flow through the LED.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of current flow through a diode?

    <p>In one direction only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an ammeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the current flowing through a component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using LEDs over incandescent bulbs?

    <p>LEDs are more efficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when resistors are connected in series?

    <p>The total resistance increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to represent a resistor in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A zigzag line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current through each component in a series circuit?

    <p>The same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the resistance in a circuit is increased?

    <p>The current in the circuit decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total potential difference across a series circuit?

    <p>The sum of the potential differences across each component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of input energy is converted to useful light in an incandescent bulb?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affects the resistance of a conductor?

    <p>Type of material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy conversion process that occurs in a resistor?

    <p>Electrical energy to heat energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does an ammeter have a very small resistance?

    <p>So it doesn't affect the current it is measuring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a resistor in a circuit?

    <p>To control the current in the circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the temperature of a conductor?

    <p>It increases the resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the voltage across each resistor when resistors are connected in series and have equal resistance?

    <p>The voltage divides equally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the length of a conductor and its resistance?

    <p>Longer conductors have higher resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using rheostats in devices?

    <p>They allow for adjustment of the current in the circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the thickness of a conductor?

    <p>It decreases the resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the resistance of a conductor?

    <p>R = ρL/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material has a lower resistance compared to iron?

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of a material to conduct electricity?

    <p>Resistivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Sankey diagram in the context of energy transfer?

    <p>To illustrate the efficiency of energy transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a thicker wire on its resistance?

    <p>It decreases the resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for force?

    <p>Newton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an object's velocity changes over time due to a force?

    <p>It accelerates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of balanced forces acting on an object?

    <p>The object remains stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the push or pull on an object?

    <p>Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when one object exerts a force on another object?

    <p>The second object exerts an equal and opposite force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of unbalanced forces acting on an object?

    <p>The object accelerates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the speed and direction of a moving object?

    <p>Velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net force when multiple forces act on an object?

    <p>The combined effect of the forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an object is being squashed or deformed by forces acting towards each other?

    <p>Compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of force is responsible for the weight of cars on a bridge?

    <p>Compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of gravitational force?

    <p>Always attractive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating weight?

    <p>W = m × g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of magnetic forces?

    <p>Like poles repel and opposite poles attract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of electrostatic forces?

    <p>Like charges repel and opposite charges attract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there is a transfer of electrons between objects?

    <p>One object becomes positively charged and the other negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of force acts over a distance without direct physical contact between objects?

    <p>Field force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of gravitational, magnetic, and electrostatic forces?

    <p>They all act over a distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for forces that act over a distance without direct physical contact between objects?

    <p>Field forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of connecting cells in parallel?

    <p>Increased battery life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance when resistors are added in parallel?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the earth wire in a washing machine?

    <p>To connect the metal casing to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are parallel circuits commonly used in homes?

    <p>Because they allow multiple devices to operate independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of overloading a parallel circuit?

    <p>It can cause electrical fires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for the total current in a parallel circuit?

    <p>I_total = I_1 + I_2 + I_3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of earthing in electrical appliances?

    <p>To prevent electric shocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the current when it enters separate branches in a parallel circuit?

    <p>It divides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential difference across each branch in a parallel circuit?

    <p>It is the same as the potential difference across the battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the analogy used to describe the flow of current in a parallel circuit?

    <p>A school hall with multiple exit doors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the salt bridge in the zinc-copper cell?

    <p>To allow the flow of ions between the two solutions, completing the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the zinc electrode (anode) in the zinc-copper cell?

    <p>Zinc metal loses electrons and goes into the solution as zinc ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of how much a material opposes the flow of electric current?

    <p>Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance described by?

    <p>Ohm's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a material that allows electric charge to flow through it easily?

    <p>Conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for resistance?

    <p>Ohms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a resistor in an electrical circuit?

    <p>To add resistance to the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the frictional force in a scenario where an object is moving?

    <p>Opposite to the direction of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the law that relates the distance a spring moves to the force applied?

    <p>Hooke's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for electrons that are not associated with a particular atom and can move freely?

    <p>Delocalised electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of force that occurs when an object is being pulled by forces acting from opposite ends?

    <p>Tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate at which electric charge flows through a conductor in a closed circuit?

    <p>Electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact?

    <p>Friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scenario that is similar to the movement of electrons in an electrical conductor?

    <p>School break time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the normal force acting on an object resting on a flat surface?

    <p>Perpendicular to the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the type of force that acts between objects that are not in direct contact?

    <p>Non-Contact Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of friction in allowing us to walk without slipping?

    <p>It gives us traction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that prevents an object from penetrating a surface?

    <p>Normal Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between friction and normal force?

    <p>Friction depends on the type of surface and normal force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force that is exerted by a surface on an object that is in contact with it?

    <p>Normal Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding resistors in series?

    <p>The total resistance increases, causing the total current to decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the potential difference measured?

    <p>Using a voltmeter in parallel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total voltage across the series circuit with a 9V battery and two equal resistors?

    <p>9V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a series circuit?

    <p>The same current flows through all the components in the circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of connecting an ammeter in series?

    <p>It measures the total current flowing through the circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cells are connected in series?

    <p>The total voltage increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter?

    <p>To measure the potential difference between two points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an ammeter?

    <p>It has a low resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of energy is wasted as heat in an incandescent bulb?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a parallel circuit?

    <p>Each component is separately connected to the power source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the resistance of a conductor?

    <p>Type of material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding cells in series?

    <p>The total voltage increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the resistance of a conductor when its temperature increases?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do thicker wires have lower resistance?

    <p>Because they have a larger cross-sectional area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for resistance (R) of a conductor?

    <p>R = ρL/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of length on the resistance of a conductor?

    <p>It increases resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Sankey diagram?

    <p>To illustrate the efficiency of energy transfer in different lighting systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the cross-sectional area of a conductor?

    <p>It decreases resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the factor that affects the ability of a material to conduct electricity?

    <p>Type of material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do shorter wires have lower resistance?

    <p>Because they have fewer collisions between electrons and atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of resistors in electrical circuits?

    <p>To control the current in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the resistance in a circuit is increased?

    <p>The current in the circuit decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a rheostat in a circuit?

    <p>To adjust the current in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a resistor in protecting an LED in a circuit?

    <p>To control the current flow through the LED</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using LEDs over incandescent bulbs?

    <p>LEDs are more efficient than incandescent bulbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the microscopic level when electrons move through a conductor?

    <p>Electrons collide with the atoms in the material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a diode in an electrical circuit?

    <p>To allow current to flow in one direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increasing the resistance in a circuit using a rheostat?

    <p>The light becomes dimmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energy that is wasted as heat in a circuit?

    <p>Wasted energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to represent a resistor in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A zigzag line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of all field forces?

    <p>They act over a distance without physical contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an electric cell and a battery?

    <p>An electric cell is a single device, while a battery is a group of devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the electrolyte in an electric cell?

    <p>It produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the copper and zinc nails in the lemon battery experiment?

    <p>They act as electrodes, facilitating the flow of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for force?

    <p>Newton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between gravitational, magnetic, and electrostatic forces?

    <p>Gravitational force depends on mass and distance, magnetic force depends on the poles involved, and electrostatic force depends on the charges involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a force acting on an object?

    <p>Changes in motion, shape, and acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do electric cells generate electricity?

    <p>Through chemical reactions with no moving parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lemon juice in the lemon battery experiment?

    <p>It acts as an electrolyte, producing an electrically conducting solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law of motion that states an object exerts an equal and opposite force on another object?

    <p>Newton's Third Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for one part of a two-part electrochemical cell?

    <p>Half cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net force when two forces are equal in size but opposite in direction?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the salt bridge in a voltaic cell?

    <p>It is the device used to connect the oxidation and reduction half-cells of a voltaic cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acceleration?

    <p>The rate of change of velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of connecting cells in parallel?

    <p>Increased battery life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the system in electric cells that includes the chemical components and reactions that generate electrical energy?

    <p>System.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a force is applied to an object and it starts moving?

    <p>The object accelerates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance when resistors are added in parallel?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force that causes an object to change its shape?

    <p>Deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the total current in a parallel circuit?

    <p>I_total = I_1 + I_2 + I_3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of unbalanced forces acting on an object?

    <p>The object accelerates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of earthing in electrical appliances?

    <p>To prevent electric shocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if too many devices are connected in parallel?

    <p>The circuit becomes overloaded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of parallel circuits in homes?

    <p>They allow multiple devices to operate independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the earth wire in electrical appliances?

    <p>To connect the metal casing to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a short circuit?

    <p>A safety mechanism to prevent electric shocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are parallel circuits commonly used in homes?

    <p>Because they provide a practical and convenient way to manage electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a spring balance in measuring force?

    <p>To stretch in proportion to the force applied, based on Hooke's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the frictional force acting on a ball moving across the grass?

    <p>Opposite to the direction of the ball's motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the potential difference across each branch in a parallel circuit?

    <p>It remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal force responsible for?

    <p>Preventing an object from penetrating the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between friction and the normal force?

    <p>Friction is directly proportional to the normal force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of friction in terms of movement?

    <p>It allows us to walk without slipping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that occurs when an object is being pulled by forces acting from opposite ends?

    <p>Tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net force acting on Rod's arm if Jabu pulls it with a force of 10 N to the left and Viantha pulls it with a force of 6 N to the right?

    <p>4 N to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of force that occurs when objects are not in direct contact with each other?

    <p>Non-contact force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the net force acting on a go-cart if the forces pushing it forward are 7 N and 10 N, and friction is 5 N?

    <p>To the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of representing forces using arrows?

    <p>To show the direction and magnitude of the force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of gravitational, magnetic, and electrostatic forces?

    <p>They act over a distance without physical contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an electric cell?

    <p>To convert chemical energy into electrical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a salt bridge in a voltaic cell?

    <p>To allow ions to flow between the half-cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the electrolyte in an electric cell?

    <p>To produce an electrically conducting solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a device that generates electricity from chemical reactions?

    <p>Electric cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the copper and zinc nails in the lemon battery experiment?

    <p>To act as electrodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an electric cell and a battery?

    <p>An electric cell is a single device, while a battery is a group of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the chemical reaction in the lemon battery experiment?

    <p>The generation of electrical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the electrodes in an electric cell?

    <p>To facilitate the flow of ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lemon juice in the lemon battery experiment?

    <p>To act as an electrolyte.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force of attraction between objects with mass?

    <p>Gravitational force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following forces acts over a distance without physical contact?

    <p>Field force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the gravitational force between two objects?

    <p>Towards each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is not magnetic?

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the heat generation in devices like cellphone chargers during use?

    <p>Electrons moving through a conductor collide with the atoms of the material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of the magnetic force between two magnets?

    <p>Attractive between opposite poles and repulsive between like poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a resistor in a circuit with an LED?

    <p>To control the current flow through the LED</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the weight of an object?

    <p>W = m × g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that causes objects to fall to the ground?

    <p>Gravitational force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to represent a resistor in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A zigzag line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between incandescent bulbs and LEDs?

    <p>LEDs are more efficient than incandescent bulbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of force that acts between charged objects?

    <p>Electrostatic force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of compression?

    <p>Crushing a ball of dough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a rheostat in a circuit?

    <p>To control the current in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of force that occurs when an object is being stretched or pulled?

    <p>Tension force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the resistance in a circuit is increased?

    <p>The current in the circuit decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Sankey diagram in regards to energy transfer in different lighting systems?

    <p>To illustrate the efficiency of energy transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of current flow through a diode?

    <p>In one direction only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a resistor in a circuit with a motor?

    <p>To control the current to the motor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that affects the resistance of a conductor, according to its resistivity?

    <p>Type of material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy converted into when electrical energy passes through a resistor?

    <p>Heat energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the resistance of a conductor when its temperature increases?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the cross-sectional area of a conductor and its resistance?

    <p>A larger cross-sectional area results in a lower resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to represent a rheostat in a circuit diagram?

    <p>A rectangle with a diagonal arrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the resistance of a conductor when its length increases?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the filament in an incandescent light bulb?

    <p>To heat up and emit light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the thickness of a conductor on its resistance?

    <p>It decreases the resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the type of material and its resistivity?

    <p>Materials with low resistivity are good conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula that relates the resistance of a conductor to its length, cross-sectional area, and resistivity?

    <p>R = ρL/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the factor that affects the resistance of a conductor the least?

    <p>Temperature of the conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the salt bridge in the zinc-copper cell?

    <p>To allow the flow of ions between the two solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the zinc electrode (anode) in the zinc-copper cell?

    <p>Zinc metal loses electrons and goes into the solution as zinc ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for resistance?

    <p>Ohms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of delocalised electrons in metals?

    <p>They are free to move and carry electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance described by?

    <p>Ohm's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a resistor in an electrical circuit?

    <p>To add resistance to the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an electric current?

    <p>The rate of flow of electric charge in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a conductor?

    <p>A material that allows electric charge to flow through it easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an energy source, such as a battery, is connected to a conductor?

    <p>The electrons move towards the positive terminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for electrons that are not associated with a particular atom and can move freely?

    <p>Delocalised electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding more cells in series to a circuit?

    <p>The total voltage of the circuit increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the potential difference across a component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an ammeter?

    <p>It has a very small resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total current in a series circuit when more resistors are added?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a series circuit and a parallel circuit?

    <p>A series circuit has only one path for electric current, while a parallel circuit has more than one path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the voltage across each resistor in a series circuit with two equal resistors and a 9V battery?

    <p>4.5V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of connecting a voltmeter in parallel with a component?

    <p>To measure the potential difference across the component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance in a series circuit when more resistors are added?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a series circuit?

    <p>It provides only one path for electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of higher temperatures on the resistance of conductors?

    <p>It increases the resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of connecting cells in parallel?

    <p>Increased battery life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance when resistors are added in parallel?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for the total current in a parallel circuit?

    <p>I_total = I_1 + I_2 + I_3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are parallel circuits commonly used in homes?

    <p>Because they allow multiple devices to operate simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of overloading a parallel circuit?

    <p>Excessive heat build-up, potentially leading to electrical fires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of earthing in electrical appliances?

    <p>To prevent electric shocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the earth wire in a washing machine?

    <p>To connect the metal casing to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a live wire accidentally touches the metal casing in an earthed appliance?

    <p>A short circuit occurs, preventing an electric shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of managing the load on a parallel circuit?

    <p>To prevent overloading and electrical fires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do parallel circuits allow multiple devices to operate independently?

    <p>Because each device has its own separate path to the power source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the atmosphere?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature gradient in the troposphere?

    <p>Temperature decreases with altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of auroras in the atmosphere?

    <p>Thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the exosphere?

    <p>Low density of gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ozone layer in the stratosphere?

    <p>To absorb and scatter ultraviolet radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the altitude range of the stratosphere?

    <p>12 km to 50 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the troposphere?

    <p>It is the densest layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for air movement in the troposphere?

    <p>The warming of the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that occurs in the mesosphere?

    <p>Meteors burn up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average thickness of the troposphere?

    <p>12 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

    <p>They absorb and re-emit infrared radiation, warming the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following planets has a thin atmosphere, resulting in very little greenhouse effect?

    <p>Mars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions?

    <p>Climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of global warming?

    <p>The increase in greenhouse gas levels due to human activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mining sites is known for its gold tailings and potential environmental threat?

    <p>Primrose Gold Mine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of global warming?

    <p>Increased biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Nitrogen (78.08%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of investigating CO₂ levels?

    <p>To differentiate between natural and human-induced changes in greenhouse gas concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the Earth's surface warms due to the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases?

    <p>The greenhouse effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth's surface?

    <p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the concentration of gas molecules in the atmosphere?

    <p>Gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Nitrogen (78.08%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of deforestation on greenhouse gas levels?

    <p>It increases CO₂ levels in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of proper waste management in mining activities?

    <p>To reduce the environmental impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern associated with the Primrose Gold Mine?

    <p>Gold tailings and environmental threat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the melting of polar ice due to global warming?

    <p>Rising sea levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atmosphere composed of?

    <p>A mixture of gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the lack of proper waste management in mining activities?

    <p>Adverse environmental effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the air density in the mesosphere?

    <p>Very low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why meteors burn up in the mesosphere?

    <p>Due to the compression and heat caused by air friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bright streak of light seen in the sky when a meteor burns up in the atmosphere?

    <p>Shooting star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the temperature as you move up through the troposphere?

    <p>It decreases steadily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the atmosphere where the International Space Station orbits?

    <p>Thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the thermosphere absorbs high-energy radiation from the Sun?

    <p>Ionization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is contained in the troposphere and stratosphere?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ionosphere in the thermosphere?

    <p>Reflecting longer wavelength radio waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why commercial airplanes fly in the lower stratosphere?

    <p>Because the air is more stable and less dense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ozone layer in the stratosphere?

    <p>To absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon created by the interaction between solar wind particles and the ions in the ionosphere?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the impact crater formed when a meteorite strikes the Earth's surface?

    <p>Impact crater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of CFCs on the ozone layer?

    <p>They reduce the ozone layer's ability to absorb UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the atmosphere that extends from about 80 km above the Earth's surface upwards to the exosphere and outer space?

    <p>Thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the thinning of the ozone layer, particularly over Antarctica?

    <p>Ozone hole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature range of the thermosphere?

    <p>-90°C to 1500°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that influences the temperature gradient in the stratosphere?

    <p>The ozone layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of weather balloons in the stratosphere?

    <p>To collect data on atmospheric conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere marked by?

    <p>A stabilization of temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the air in the stratosphere?

    <p>It is less dense and more stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process that defines a main sequence star?

    <p>Hydrogen fusion into helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the characteristics of a main sequence star?

    <p>Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the hydrogen in a star's core is depleted?

    <p>The star becomes a red giant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the glowing shell that forms around the remaining core of a star after it sheds its outer layers?

    <p>Planetary nebula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the eventual fate of a white dwarf?

    <p>It cools and becomes a black dwarf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a star that is more than eight times the mass of the Sun?

    <p>Red supergiant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the fusion of heavier elements in the core of a massive star?

    <p>The formation of iron in the core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the remnant left after a supernova explosion?

    <p>A neutron star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the color of a star?

    <p>Its surface temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate lifespan of a red dwarf star?

    <p>100 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mine is known for its extensive gold tailings, posing a threat to the environment?

    <p>Primrose Gold Mine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the atmosphere that is closest to the Earth's surface?

    <p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of removing waste products and excess ions from the blood?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the layer of gases surrounding the Earth?

    <p>Atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mine known for its significant diamond discoveries?

    <p>Cullinan Premier Diamond Mine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the atmosphere that merges into outer space?

    <p>Exosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature at the upper boundary of the troposphere?

    <p>-60°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the transition zone between the troposphere and stratosphere?

    <p>Temperature stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of gradual change or development in stars?

    <p>Stellar Evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the altitude range of the stratosphere?

    <p>12-50 km above sea level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cloud of gas and dust in space where stars are born?

    <p>Nebula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason commercial airplanes fly in the lower stratosphere?

    <p>Less turbulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of weather balloons in the stratosphere?

    <p>To gather data on atmospheric conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of a star's formation where it is not yet hot enough for nuclear fusion?

    <p>Protostar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium, releasing vast amounts of energy?

    <p>Nuclear Fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ozone layer in the stratosphere?

    <p>To absorb harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of chlorine atoms from CFCs reacting with ozone molecules?

    <p>Ozone layer depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the group of stars forming a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of the exosphere?

    <p>It is the transition zone between the Earth's atmosphere and outer space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outflow of charged particles from a star that influences the surrounding space and the formation of planetary systems?

    <p>Stellar Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the thinning of the ozone layer, particularly over Antarctica?

    <p>Ozone hole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ozone layer in the stratosphere?

    <p>It absorbs and scatters ultraviolet radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature gradient in the stratosphere?

    <p>Temperature increases with altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the atmosphere contains the majority of the atmosphere's mass?

    <p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the longest-lasting stage of a star's life cycle, during which it fuses hydrogen into helium in its core?

    <p>Main Sequence Star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the late stage in a star's life cycle where the star expands and cools after exhausting the hydrogen in its core?

    <p>Red Giant Star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of the atmosphere's mass contained in the troposphere and stratosphere together?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature gradient in the troposphere?

    <p>Temperature decreases with altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary importance of the atmosphere?

    <p>It maintains Earth's temperature and supports life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the birthplace of stars, containing gas and dust?

    <p>Nebula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of a star's formation where it gains mass and its core temperature increases?

    <p>Protostar Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of auroras in the atmosphere?

    <p>Thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of the stratosphere?

    <p>It contains the ozone layer, which absorbs UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the mesosphere?

    <p>It is the layer where meteors burn up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of convection currents in the troposphere?

    <p>They are responsible for cloud formation and weather patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of the thermosphere?

    <p>It contains ionized gases and is the site of auroras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the hydrogen in the core of a star is depleted?

    <p>The star becomes a red giant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of a star with a surface temperature of 40,000°C?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a main sequence star?

    <p>It converts hydrogen into helium in its core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of helium fusion in the core of a red giant?

    <p>The production of heavier elements like carbon and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of a medium-sized star like the Sun?

    <p>A white dwarf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the outer layers of a red giant star expelled into space?

    <p>Planetary nebula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the characteristics of a star, such as color, size, and lifespan?

    <p>The star's mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of a star with 10 times the mass of the Sun?

    <p>It will only last for about 20 million years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a massive star's core collapse?

    <p>A supernova</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the remnant left after a supernova?

    <p>A neutron star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a large cloud of gas and dust in space where stars are born?

    <p>Nebula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which nuclei of light elements, such as hydrogen, combine to form heavier elements, releasing energy?

    <p>Nuclear Fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of a star's formation where the star is not yet hot enough for nuclear fusion?

    <p>Protostar Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the outflow of charged particles from a star, influencing the surrounding space and the formation of planetary systems?

    <p>Stellar Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate altitude range of the mesosphere?

    <p>50 km to 80 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why meteors burn up in the mesosphere?

    <p>Due to friction and heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of a star's life cycle where the star expands and cools after exhausting the hydrogen in its core?

    <p>Red Giant Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the thermosphere that allows satellites to orbit within it?

    <p>Low air density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a star that is in the longest-lasting stage of its life cycle, during which it fuses hydrogen into helium in its core?

    <p>Main Sequence Star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the solar radiation on the thermosphere?

    <p>It heats up the thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a developing star not yet hot enough for nuclear fusion forms?

    <p>Protostar Formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of gradual change or development?

    <p>Stellar Evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ionosphere in the thermosphere?

    <p>It reflects radio waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the body retains necessary nutrients and maintains fluid balance?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the phenomenon that occurs when solar wind particles interact with the ions in the ionosphere?

    <p>Aurora australis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the temperature in the mesosphere?

    <p>It decreases with altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gases is NOT a greenhouse gas?

    <p>Oxygen (O₂)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the exosphere?

    <p>It transitions into outer space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the Earth's atmosphere and that of Mars?

    <p>Earth's atmosphere is balanced with nitrogen, oxygen, and trace amounts of greenhouse gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the largest impact crater on Earth?

    <p>Vredefort Crater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the altitude range of the International Space Station?

    <p>160 km to 2000 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of global warming?

    <p>Rise in greenhouse gas levels due to human activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of rising global temperatures on polar ice?

    <p>Melting of polar ice, leading to rising sea levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the greenhouse effect in the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>To trap heat and maintain a habitable climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ice core samples in investigating CO₂ levels?

    <p>To track changes in CO₂ levels over thousands of years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of climate change on biodiversity?

    <p>It leads to an increase in species extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of water vapour in the greenhouse effect?

    <p>It is a potent greenhouse gas, trapping heat in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the greenhouse effect and global warming?

    <p>The greenhouse effect is natural, while global warming is human-induced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of research on CO₂ levels?

    <p>To differentiate between natural and human-induced changes in greenhouse gas concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the exosphere?

    <p>It has a very low density of gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature range in the thermosphere?

    <p>-90°C to 1500°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the atmosphere?

    <p>To maintain Earth's temperature and protect from harmful radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the stratosphere?

    <p>It has an increasing temperature gradient with altitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ionosphere?

    <p>To reflect longer wavelength radio waves and absorb UV and X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate altitude range of the mesosphere?

    <p>50 km to 85 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate altitude range of the mesosphere?

    <p>50 km to 80 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the atmosphere?

    <p>Nitrogen (78.08%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of the thermosphere?

    <p>It contains ionized gases and is the site of auroras.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth's surface?

    <p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction between solar wind particles and the ions in the ionosphere?

    <p>The creation of auroras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mine is known for its significant diamond discoveries?

    <p>Cullinan Premier Diamond Mine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the air in the troposphere?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the air density in the mesosphere?

    <p>Very low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the crater formed over 2 billion years ago in South Africa?

    <p>Vredefort Crater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the warming of the Earth's surface in the troposphere?

    <p>Warm air rises and cool air sinks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of gravity on the atmosphere?

    <p>Gas molecules are more concentrated closer to the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main environmental concern associated with the Primrose Gold Mine?

    <p>Gold tailings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the altitude range of most Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites?

    <p>160 km to 2000 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature gradient in the troposphere?

    <p>Temperature decreases with altitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that creates a bright streak of light in the sky when a meteor enters the mesosphere?

    <p>Friction and heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the feature of the troposphere where weather occurs?

    <p>The troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of regulating mining activities?

    <p>To mitigate environmental impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the atmosphere that lies beyond the thermosphere?

    <p>Exosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the ozone layer?

    <p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the atmosphere?

    <p>Exosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Bushveld Igneous Complex known for?

    <p>Its extensive mineral deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the temperature in the mesosphere?

    <p>It decreases with altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the greenhouse effect?

    <p>To trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

    <p>Oxygen (O₂)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the atmospheres of Earth and Mars?

    <p>Earth's atmosphere has a balanced mix of gases, while Mars' is mostly CO₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased levels of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions?

    <p>Climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of melting polar ice due to global warming?

    <p>Rising sea levels and flooding of low-lying areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do scientists investigate CO₂ levels over thousands of years?

    <p>By analyzing ice core samples and historical climate data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the extreme greenhouse effect on Venus?

    <p>The high levels of CO₂ in its atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of human activities on the Earth's atmosphere since the industrial revolution?

    <p>An increase in greenhouse gas levels, enhancing the greenhouse effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increase in the Earth's average surface temperature due to rising levels of greenhouse gases?

    <p>Global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the temperature gradient in the troposphere?

    <p>Temperature decreases with altitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the transition zone between the troposphere and stratosphere?

    <p>To prevent the warmer, moist air from escaping the troposphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of gradual change or development?

    <p>Evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the birthplace of stars?

    <p>Nebula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the air in the stratosphere?

    <p>It is less dense and more stable than in the troposphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of weather balloons?

    <p>To collect data on atmospheric conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium, releasing vast amounts of energy?

    <p>Nuclear Fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of a star's life cycle where it fuses hydrogen into helium in its core?

    <p>Main Sequence Star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the ozone layer?

    <p>To absorb harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the Sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outflow of charged particles from a star, influencing the surrounding space and the formation of planetary systems?

    <p>Stellar Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of CFCs on the ozone layer?

    <p>They reduce the ozone layer's thickness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the thinning of the ozone layer?

    <p>Ozone hole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a developing star not yet hot enough for nuclear fusion?

    <p>Protostar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern?

    <p>Constellation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the temperature increase in the stratosphere?

    <p>The ozone layer absorbs UV radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the troposphere's thickness?

    <p>It varies due to the Earth's rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which nuclei of light elements, such as hydrogen, combine to form heavier elements, releasing energy?

    <p>Nuclear Fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the late stage in a star's life cycle where the star expands and cools after exhausting the hydrogen in its core?

    <p>Red Giant Star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the stratosphere in the atmosphere?

    <p>To contain 90% of the atmosphere's mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a large cloud of gas and dust in space where stars are born?

    <p>Nebula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stage of a star's life cycle where hydrogen is converted into helium?

    <p>Main Sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the characteristics of a main sequence star?

    <p>Its mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a star when the hydrogen in its core is depleted?

    <p>It becomes a red giant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the outer layers of a red giant star expelled into space?

    <p>Planetary Nebula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end result of a low-mass star's life cycle?

    <p>A white dwarf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a massive explosion resulting from the collapse of a star's core?

    <p>Supernova</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of a star with a surface temperature of 40,000°C?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of a massive star after its hydrogen is depleted?

    <p>It becomes a red supergiant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the dense, hot remnant core of a star that has shed its outer layers?

    <p>White Dwarf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of a white dwarf's life cycle?

    <p>Black Dwarf</p> Signup and view all the answers

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