diencephalon

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following nuclei is responsible for regulating the body's circadian rhythm?

Preoptic area

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (correct)

Supraoptic nucleus

Paraventricular nucleus

What forms the superior wall of the third ventricle?

Free part of the columns of fornix and Posterior area

Lamina terminalis and Anterior commissure

Tela choroidea, corpus callosum, and fornix (correct)

Optic recess and Triangular recess

Which of the following is NOT a part of the anterior group of hypothalamic nuclei?

Preoptic area

Paraventricular nucleus

Infundibular nucleus (correct)

Supraoptic nucleus

What is the function of the tuberoinfundibular tract?

Controlling the secretion of hormones such as TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, GH, and PRL Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nuclei is part of the posterior group of hypothalamic nuclei?

Lateral mamillary nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the supraopticophyseal tract?

Controlling water balance in the body and responsible for contraction of the uterus during delivery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the hypothalamus?

Corpus callosum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nuclei is part of the middle group of hypothalamic nuclei?

Infundibular nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the posterior part of the pituitary gland called?

Neurohypophysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is part of the anterior wall of the brain?

Lamina terminalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the superior surface of the thalamus covered by?

A layer of white matter called stratum zonale Signup and view all the answers

What is the medial surface of the thalamus covered by?

Wall of the third ventricle covered by the central grey matter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the epithalamus?

Lateral geniculate body Signup and view all the answers

What is the pineal body connected with superiorly?

Habenular commissure Signup and view all the answers

What forms the posterior wall of the third ventricle?

Pineal body, habenular commissure, and posterior commissure Signup and view all the answers

What may happen if the pineal body malfunctions?

It may lead to premature and incomplete or delayed puberty Signup and view all the answers

What structures are found in the lateral wall of the third ventricle?

Thalamus, hypothalamic sulcus, interventricular opening, interthalamic adhesion, and transverse fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Control of endocrine system Signup and view all the answers

What forms the inferior wall of the third ventricle?

Tuber cinereum, mammillary bodies, and crura of the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the lateral surface of the thalamus covered by?

Capsular region covered by reticular zone Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the Lamina tecti in the Mesencephalon?

Superior colliculi and Inferior colliculi Signup and view all the answers

What is the part of the diencephalon that includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus?

Thalamoencephalon Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nuclei is NOT part of the thalamus?

Oculomotor nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What passes between the Pulvinar and medial geniculate body?

Brachia colliculorum superior Signup and view all the answers

What is the part of the epithalamus that includes the habenular trigone and the pineal body?

Habenula Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts of the cerebral peduncles in the midbrain?

Cerebral crura and tegmentum Signup and view all the answers

What can be found within the interpeduncular fossa?

Posterior perforated substance, medial and lateral sulci of the cerebral crus, and emergence of the oculomotor nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which nuclei are found in the Mesencephalon?

Superior colliculus, Inferior colliculus, Intercollicular nucleus, Oculomotor nucleus, Trochlear nucleus, Nucleus of Signup and view all the answers

What forms the anterior limit of the Lemniscus trigone?

Lateral sulcus of cerebral crus Signup and view all the answers

What reaches the medial geniculate body?

Brachia colliculorum inferior Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hypothalamus Structure

Consists of the optic chiasm, optic tracts, tuber cinereum, infundibulum, pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and mammillary bodies.

Functions of the Hypothalamus

Controls the thyroid, suprarenal gland, ovary, testis, mammary gland, bone, and fat tissue through the tuberoinfundibular tract.
Regulates water balance in the body and contractions of the uterus during delivery through the supraopticophyseal tract.

Nuclei of the Hypothalamus

Anterior Group

Supraoptic nucleus
Paraventricular nucleus
Preoptic area (nucleus)
Suprachiasmatic nucleus, which regulates the body's circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle.

Middle Group

Infundibular nucleus
Ventromedial nucleus
Dorsomedial nucleus
Lateral nucleus
Tubero-mamillary nucleus

Posterior Group

Medial mamillary nucleus
Lateral mamillary nucleus
Mamillary intercalate nucleus
Premamillary nucleus
Posterior area, responsible for memory and spatial navigation.

Third Ventricle Structure

Superior wall: Tela choroidea, corpus callosum, and fornix.
Anterior wall: Lamina terminalis, Anterior commissure, Free part of the columns of fornix, Triangular recess, Optic recess.
Inferior wall: Optic chiasm, infundibulum, tuber cinereum, mammillary bodies, subthalamus, and crura of the brain and tegmen of mesencephalon.
Posterior wall: Pineal body, habenular commissure, and posterior commissure.
Lateral wall: Thalamus, hypothalamic sulcus, interventricular opening, interthalamic adhesion, and transverse fibers.

Midbrain Structure

Formed by the Lamina tecti (Tectum), Aqueduct, and Cerebral Peduncles, which consist of the Cerebral crura (anteriorly) and the Tegmentum (posteriorly).
Lamina tecti components: Superior colliculi and Inferior colliculi.

Diencephalon Structure

Components: Thalamoencephalon, Hypothalamus, Subthalamus, Third ventricle.
Thalamoencephalon subdivisions: Thalamus, Metathalamus, Epithalamus.

Thalamus Structure

Superior surface covered by a layer of white matter called stratum zonale.
Inferior surface covered by the hypothalamic region.
Lateral surface covered by the capsular region covered by reticular zone.
Medial surface covered by the wall of the third ventricle covered by central grey matter.
Nuclei: Anterior, paraventricular, supraoptic, suprachiasmatic, medial, lateral (ventral and dorsal groups), reticular, intralaminar, centromedian, habenula, lateral and medial geniculate bodies, pulvinar.

Epithalamus Structure

Components: Habenular trigone, Habenula, Habenular commissure, Posterior commissure, and Pineal body.
Pineal body location: Above the superior colliculi of the midbrain.
Pineal body connections: Superiorly, the habenular commissure; inferiorly, the posterior commissure.
Pineal body malfunction effects: Premature and incomplete or delayed puberty.

Metathalamus Structure

Components: Lateral geniculate body and medial geniculate body.

Hypothalamus Functions

Controls the endocrine system, fluid balance, body temperature, feeding behavior, and sexual activity.

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