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Human Embryology: Development of the Heart

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Questions and Answers

What is the main entry point of blood into the heart?

Pulmonary artery
Left atrium
Right atrium (correct)
Right ventricle

What is the reason for the formation of membranous VSD?

Failure of the mesenchymal cap of the septum to fuse with the AV cushion (correct)
Failure of the ductus venosus to close
Failure of the neural crest to migrate
Failure of the foramen ovale to close

Which of the following is NOT a step in the normal circulation of blood in a mammalian embryo?

Blood moves from the left ventricle to the lungs
Blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary artery to the body (correct)
Blood enters the right atrium from the vena cava
Blood returns to the left atrium from the lungs

What is the primary function of the pulmonary artery in mammalian embryos?

To transport oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs (B) Signup and view all the answers

During foetal life, what is the primary function of the placenta?

Nutrition storage and detoxification (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the destination of blood that leaves the left ventricle?

The aorta (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ductus arteriosus in the foetal circulation?

To allow oxygenated blood to bypass the liver and lungs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the foetal lungs?

They are collapsed and have high resistance to blood flow (D) Signup and view all the answers

During embryonic development, what is the precursor to the four-chambered heart?

A single-chambered heart (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a failure of the neural crest to migrate during heart development?

Malformations such as total absence of the aorticopulmonary septum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the circulatory system of mammalian embryos and that of adults?

Modifications to the circulatory system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ductus venosus in the foetal circulation?

To connect the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of blood from the right ventricle is needed for the lungs?

10% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Ductus Arteriosus in the foetal circulation?

To protect the lungs from circulatory overload (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Foramen Ovale in the foetal circulation?

To direct blood from the right atrium to the left atrium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What structure is responsible for closing the Foramen Ovale at birth?

Septum secundum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route for blood entering the right atrium from the umbilical vein?

Through the liver and then into the IVC through the hepatic veins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the sphincter mechanism in the foetal circulation?

To regulate blood flow into the Ductus Venosus (A) Signup and view all the answers

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